Factors affecting soil productivity The productivity of N depends on the supply of those nutrients in a well-defined stage of yield formation that are decisive for its uptake and utilization. It is an index of available nutrient to plants • 2. Tree species of natural forests are rich and the community structure is complicated. 1 Physical factors terms. However, the effects of natural factors and production management on soil quality are not well understood in such fragile environments. Let us have a look at what is soil fertility and how can it be replenished. Fertile soil results in high yield and better quality of plants. Dec 1, 2023 · Soil Fertility: Soil Productivity: Soil’s ability to provide essential nutrients to plants for their growth and development. • 4. But it is more complicated than that. Aug 2, 2024 · Egypt did not previously grow buckwheat, due to the belief that the environment does not meet the factors of growth, development, and productivity in an arid or semiarid region. Light With up to 10 8 bacterial cells per gram of soil, soil is the habitat with the largest population of microbes and contributes substantially to soil productivity [46,48]. Potential of soil to produce a definite yield of Climate crops using some management system is soil Soil texture productivity. These include the soil's parent material and physical conditions like texture, structure, bulk density, water, and atmosphere, which influence nutrient availability. Moreover, SOC accumulation will also affect soil physicochemical parameters. ), it is sometimes confusing as to how they differ. Physical Factors: Physical factors affecting agriculture in India mainly include the climate, soil, terrain, and topographical location. 65 g/cm3. ) production in a smallholder crop-livestock system. Bulk density is also dependent on the soil organic matter content and density and arrangement of soil minerals (sand, silt, and clay). Understanding the intricate web of factors that impact soil health and nutrient dynamics is crucial for devising effective strategies to preserve and enhance soil productivity. 2002 ). In the last 40 years, nearly one- third of the world arable land was lost by soil erosion and continues to be lost at the rate of more than 10 million hectares per year (Assefa, 2007, Molden et al. , 2012; Fazzini et al. May 1, 2012 · Inherent Factors Affecting Soil Infiltration Soil texture, or the percentage of sand, silt, and clay in a soil, is the major inherent factor affecting infiltration. In this paper, “productivity” will usually mean the cubic meters of harvestable wood that can be grown per year on a forested site. g. Although soil The colonial characteristics are described in Table-6. , 2020, Nie et al. Several factors influence soil pH, including natural factors such as climate and geology, as well as human factors like fertilizer use and pollution. We collected literature published during 1950–2017 that reported the yield and NUE for wheat in China, under N application and control treatments, and analyzed the data therein. INTRODUCTION Land productivity is influenced by many factors including sunlight and precipitation, but the most productive land can be altered by a simple process like erosion. These factors are grouped in three basic categories known as technological (agricultural practices Natural factors or Pedogenic factors: Natural factors are those which influence the formation of the soil. Climate and topography also play roles, along with human activities like land management practices, crop rotation, and the use of fertilizers and pesticides. Jul 15, 2022 · Fertilizer Use Efficiency (FUE) is a measure of the potential of an applied fertilizer to increase its impact on the uptake and utilization of nitrogen (N) present in the soil/plant system. Climate and Weather Conditions: India's diverse climatic conditions influence the type and productivity of crops. Different farm management strategies exist to reduce the impact of mineral fertilization while preserving soil productivity. A productive soil must be fertile but a fertile soil may or may not be productive [1]. The factors that contribute to soil fertility are adequate depth for water retention, enough drainage, and aeration (not compacted) to support root growth, good tilt, optimal soil pH (5. Traditionally, plant nutritional status is Dec 1, 2017 · Soil erosion is a major environmental and agricultural problem facing human beings (Blanco and Lal, 2008, Hurni, 1988, World Economic Forum, 2010). Jul 26, 2021 · For terrestrial plants, many factors affect productivity, including light, temperature,, soil, and water. Feb 26, 2016 · Soil productivity is defined as the capacity of soil to support plant growth and is affected by several key factors. The following factors affect the soil fertility: Jan 22, 2019 · Primary production is responsible for most of the life on Earth. It encompasses soil fertility plus all of the other factors affecting plant growth and development, even though it is impossible to explain all of the potential interactions. To be productive, soil must contain all the 13 essential nutrients required by the plants. SOC Soil organic carbon Additional factors affecting long-term nutritional Inherent Factors Affecting Bulk Density and Available Water Capacity Some inherent factors affect bulk density , such as soil texture. Mineral fertility plays a key role in soil productivity. FACTORS AFFECTING FOREST PLANTATION PRODUCTIVITY. Jun 28, 2021 · Different levels of production determined by growth definition, limiting and reducing factors (a). pests diseases, parasites Oct 13, 2021 · All these factors directly or indirectly affect the nutrient level of soil, soil fertility, productivity of crops and soil moisture. Productivity not only covers harvestable wood, but the quality of that harvested wood for various purposes. See full list on link. All fertile soils are not productive. The present study investigated two species of buckwheat, Fagopyrum tataricum (FT) and Fagopyrum esculentum (FE), which were planted in two different soil, weather, and water property sites, including the first in Healthy soil ecosystem is a prerequisite for better agricultural productivity, which is governed by various local abiotic and biotic factors. Global Sep 5, 2021 · • Maintaining soil health is now almost important for enhancing crop productivity because of the occurrence of multi-nutritional deficiency in soil (Rattan et al. , 2008, Pimental, 2006). For, soil is obviously not needed, and water availability is not an issue. Types of Soil Fertility 3. International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences (IJRSB) Page | 23 Investigation and Correlation of Soil Biotic and Abiotic Factors Affecting Agricultural Productivity In Semi-Arid Regions of North Gujarat, India Figure-4: Gram staining images of pure bacterial cultures. 8. Jan 1, 2024 · Topography was the dominant factors affecting the forest productivity of Platycladus orientalis plantations in the mountainous areas of Beijing, and the direct effect was more important. Soil Productivity: The capacity of a soil, in its normal environment, for producing a plant or crop sequence under a specified system of management. But a soil rich in mineral fertility is not necessarily a productive soil! Drainage, weeds, insects, disease, drought, exposure, genetics, and other factors may adversely affect total yield even though the soil’s mineral fertility is Soil productivity is influenced by factors such as soil texture, structure, and organic matter content, which affect water retention and nutrient availability. They were Jul 31, 2024 · Understanding these non-living factors is crucial for enhancing agricultural productivity and conserving natural habitats. The main abiotic factors affecting plant productivity are solar radiation, temperature, water, nutrients, and carbon dioxide (CO 2). Theory predicts positive effects of species richness on the productivity of plant communities through complementary resource use and facilitative interactions between species. 24 March - 30 March. The study was conducted in two main maize- producing regions of Eswatini, the Highveld at Mankayane and Middleveld at Luve. grazing abilities in ruminants at the level of the oral cavity. The purpose of the study was to assess potential annual soil loss and factors affecting the adoption of soil and water conservation technologies in the Domba watershed. Global food security, ecosystem health, and sustainable development are all at risk from soil degradation, which is a result of both human and natural factors. 2001). The soil resources in this table fall into three broad groups, reflecting their underlying interrelationships: those related to soil structure (water use, structure, erosion) are dealt with in this Chapter, those related to nutrition or biological factors are discussed later. , 2015). Some of these factors are under control of a producer, whereas, others can be modified for obtaining good results. Without it or its productive capacity, the other resources of the forest are diminished. It is the function of available nutrients of the soil. Soil acidity, crop yield from the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. These chemical substances then provide the structure from which an ecosystem can emerge as animals of various kinds consume plant nutrients and develop a food chain. , 2020). , 2011). The aim of this paper is to provide a thorough systemic review of contemporary literature exploring factors and Jan 1, 2012 · Finally, we describe two major nutrition-related factors affecting livestock productivity: seasonal weight loss and the browsing vs. But soil factors indirectly affect the community stability mainly by affecting species diversity, FD and BGB, and this effect was weak. The key abiotic factors at Nov 1, 2022 · Evaluating the environmental effects on soil phosphorus (P) availability is the key to understanding P cycling and regulating forest productivity. Generally, rocks have a density of 2. Edaphic factors or soil management factors. plant genetics, geotropism, phototropism, hydrotropism and chemotropism. Apr 1, 2023 · Soil pH will affect the microenvironment of SOC accumulation and, in turn, the SOC accumulation rate. The foundation of plant health and productivity lies in the soil, a complex medium teeming with minerals, organic matter, and Jan 15, 2023 · The soil-to-atmosphere carbon dioxide flux (or total soil respiration) rate depends on net ecosystem properties and productivity, regional climate and intrinsic soil properties (Luo and Zhou, 2006), and it is extremely variable in time and space (Raich et al. 2. , 2002; Pantani et al. Definition of Soil Fertility: Soil fertility may be defined as the inherent capacity of soil to supply plant nutrients in adequate amount and suitable proportion and free from toxic substances. Soil’s capacity to support plant growth is relation to external factors. Soil and land factors play a critical role in determining agricultural productivity. 21 April - 27 April. Raymond Sinclair, Jr. In Kenya, soil fertility technology adoption by small-scale farmers has not been sufficiently explored at farm level Jun 16, 2024 · Yield loss is a major concern for farmers and growers, as it directly affects crop and productivity reduction. Moreover, these factors are interlinked, and changes in any of two will also leads to change in soil fertility. Different crops thrive in specific soil types, and the suitability of soils impacts agricultural productivity. Factors Affecting Soil Fertility. 17 March - 23 March. Ideally, silt loam has 50 percent Mar 1, 2024 · Meanwhile, as for those widespread studies about the relationship between meteorological factors and agricultural drought mainly stood on the basic indictors, such as precipitation and temperature, which affect ecosystem productivity (Carrão et al. Understanding the factors that Soil Productivity Environmental Effects of Woody Biomass Diomy S. Courses Jan 1, 2022 · Effective soil fertility management improves soil properties, including soil organic matter, which ensures the sustainability of soil functions that are critical in maintaining agricultural productivity (Powlson et al. Factors that affect soil fertility are classified as direct and indirect. Oct 15, 2024 · Greenhouse vegetable production has become increasingly important in meeting the increasing global food demand. Soil Composition. Soil productivity is the capacity of a soil to produce a certain yield of crops or other plants with a specified system of management. According to Franzluebbers and Lal , carbon and nitrogen are two of the most important elements affecting soil productivity. Achieving and maintaining the right pH level in soil is crucial for ensuring soil health and promoting optimal plant growth. • All factor that affect fertility also affects productivity • Other factors like soil-water and air relationships Soil, climate, pests, disease, genetic potential of crop and man's management are the main factors governing land productivity, as measured by the yield of crop. Soil and Land Factors in Agricultural Productivity. Aug 20, 2023 · Soil organic matter (SOM) is vital to soil health and plays a critical role in crop production. Yet, it faces severe challenges in terms of how to maintain soil productivity from a long-term perspective. Agricultural system at higher altitudes has unique Aug 23, 2022 · For example, (Kisi, Citation 2015) reviewed and selected sixty-one (61) factors that affect construction productivity from four top engineering and management-focused journals Footnote 1 from 1985–2015; among them, 14 factors were selected and studied as the top factors that affect the productivity rates of construction activities. springer. A fertile soil is considered to be the one that produces abundant crops under suitable environmental conditions. This review discusses the main soil productivity limiting factors for vegetables grown in greenhouses and identifies strategies that attempt to overcome these limitations. Jul 15, 2018 · Factors affecting crop production: Several factors affected the crop production. Aug 29, 2023 · The chapter also describes briefly the root system architecture, root plasticity, and the factors affecting them, viz. Jul 15, 2020 · A good understanding of dynamics involved in food production is critical for the improvement of food security. Additional relevant factor in substrate-enzyme-microbe models is the ratio of microbial growth to C processing costs known as microbial C-use Nov 29, 2022 · What Makes Soil Fertile. , 2009), increased soil degradation (Bhattacharyya et al. Improving BSP as an effective way to increase or maintain crop yield, and researching its changes and potential driving factors under long-term fertilization are crucial for ensuring high and stable crop yields Sep 10, 2023 · A. story vegetation (Davis et al. While the monsoon plays a vital role in kharif crops, winter temperatures affect rabi crops. What is Soil Productivity? Factors affecting Soil Productivity. , Robert R. Mar 17, 2017 · • Difference between Soil Fertility and Productivity: Soil Fertility Soil • 1. Feb 19, 2024 · As the urgency to address climate change intensifies, the exploration of sustainable negative emission technologies becomes imperative. In this unit we will take up the fertility and productivity aspects of the soil. com balance. They also influence pasture types and areas of distribution. Oct 1, 2023 · Land degradation is currently one of the most severe problems on the planet earth (Kertész, 2009; Tripathi, 2020). biological. . Climate is the most important determinant of agricultural production because every crop needs a different climatic condition. Methods This study utilized the Competitor, Stress-tolerator, and Ruderal (CSR Oct 26, 2023 · factors influencing maize productivity using interviews and questionnaires. Water moves more quickly through the large pores in sandy soil than it does through the small pores in clayey soil, especially if the clay is compacted and has little Oct 8, 2024 · Climate, topography, and soil factors have been found to be important drivers of forest productivity and related to site index because ecological factors such as water availability, nutrient content, temperature, and other environmental conditions play a crucial role in the growth and functioning of forest trees (Wang and Klinka, 1996; Wang et Soil-water retention is a crucial factor influencing agricultural productivity and sustainability. com Factors affect soil fertility and productivity • The factors affecting soil productivity includes those which affect the physical, chemical, and biological conditions of the soil in which plants grown. For example, presence of weeds in the farms may lower the level of productivity of the soil, even when the soil fertile. Soil Quality: Different regions in India have different soil types, affecting the suitability and productivity of various Nov 21, 2020 · Modern practices of industrial farming, such as mineral fertilization, caused a widespread degradation of agricultural land and water bodies in Europe. Chiaretti2 Abstract. 31 March - 6 April. Natural disturbances such as fire, insects, disease, and erosion alter intrinsic factors, influencing soil forming processes, vegetation development, and site productivity. Potential of soil to produce a definite yield of crops using some management system is soil productivity. Topography is one of the key factors affecting soil organic carbon (SOC) distribution and Intrinsic factors such as soil moisture-holding capacity, soil nutrient status, and soil porosity affect plant growth and productivity potential. Temperature is generally more stable in the ocean than on land, so for phytoplankton, productivity comes down to the availability of light and nutrients. Two primary factors affecting forest site productivity are soil characteristics (nutrient status, Mar 14, 2020 · The abiotic and biotic factors are the drivers of the soil ecosystem processes and functioning which improve plant growth and development, ultimately productivity. The virtual steady state of all soil properties Jan 17, 2024 · In the next section, we will explore the influence of soil and land factors on agricultural productivity. chemical, physical, and. Aug 10, 2023 · Physical Factors. 10 March - 16 March. savanna climate favours the growth of grasses and legumes; Edaphic/Soil factors: They are soil Ph, texture, structure and fertility. The factors affecting soil productivity include all those which affect the physical, chemical and biological conditions of the soil environment in which plants grow. Feb 10, 2024 · Factors Affecting Soil pH. Hipple, and Joseph V. Aug 26, 2022 · These factors can be classified into three main categories of erosive factors (such as runoff), erodible factors (soil properties) and resistant factors (other factors). The reported effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) vary greatly, due to differences in climate, soil factors, and N management practices in different regions of China. Soil erosion is a severe environmental problem that affects the productivity of all natural ecosystems and agriculture an threatens the lives of most smallholder farmers in Ethiopia (Haregeweyn et al. Aug 1, 2022 · It may be due to that in our study, soil factors had effects on diversity under different soil water and salinity conditions (Fig. They affect vegetation types and places of their growth e. It is the capacity of a soil in its normal environment, for producing crops under a specified management system. , 2021), as well as their leg Sep 2, 2022 · Productivity is greatly impacted by the soil’s helpful elements for plants, such as Zn, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Mo. Results from manipulative experiments with tropical tree species indicate a positive diversity–productivity relationship (DPR), but the existing evidence from natural forests is scarce and contradictory. conditions are favorable for plant growth. S. , 2016, Dong and Ochsner, 2018, Rigden et al. These include Parent material, Climate and vegetation, Topography and age of soil; Edaphic factors or Soil management factors: These include the entire soil conditions and their management practices that are concerned with addition or Nov 8, 2024 · binmarzouk@gmail. Oct 25, 2019 · Compared with other soil factors, S explained the largest percentage of variations in diversity when single soil variables were considered in generalized additive models (R² = 38. A productive soil is one in which the . 7 April - 13 April. 5 to 7. However, what and how environmental factors affect soil P availability in regional plantation ecosystems remains unclear. 0. The key resources for sustainable dryland cropping are listed in Table 2. These factors play a vital role in the productivity of soil. Jun 1, 2022 · Soil erosion is a serious and continuous environmental problem in the highlands of Ethiopia, particularly, in the study watershed. Zamora1, Charles R. Dobos, Sharon W. As such land degradation is symbolized by a continuous loss in biological activity and eventual economic loss. Abstract. The key abiotic factors at higher altitudes consist of temperature, precipitation/rainfall pattern, wind profile, light intensity and duration, physiographic, etc. Agricultural production and productivity are directly linked with nutrient availability in soil. , 2018). Productivity of the agricultural land is decreasing due to the removal of the top fertile layer of soil, hence it is drawing the attention of the world. Factors Affecting Soil Fertility [4] Soil fertility and soil productivity are two different 4. Emphasizing the importance of soil texture, organic matter, and management II. Biotic factors: These influence pasture distribution e. This review synthesizes current research on EW, focusing on its mechanisms, influencing Soil erosion represents one of the main causes of degradation of agricultural land around the globe. Yield, the mass of harvest crop product in a specific area, is influenced by several factors. Compared to plantation forests, the soil pH of natural forests was slightly lower. Generally, soils with high porosity levels have more space for water and air to move through, resulting in better soil drainage and aeration. Mar 25, 2021 · Soil productivity includes soil fertility plus the inherent and management related factors affecting plant growth and development. Sep 1, 2021 · External factors: may be regulated to certain extent, They include e. Feb 27, 2024 · A: Soil fertility, texture, structure, and humus content directly influence cropping patterns. Nov 25, 2021 · Request PDF | Factors Affecting Soil Ecosystem and Productivity | Soil is one of the most dynamic systems of earth. Because site productivity and potential vegetation are both con-trolled by abiotic factors (geology, soils, etc. Influenced by the physical, chemical and biological factors of the soil. Types of Soil Fertility [2] However, soil productivity is affected or influenced y other factors other than the soil fertility. They include all the practices that affect fertility, the water and air relationships and the activity of the biological agents such as insects Soil fertility and soil productivity are two different terms. The amount of organic matter, moisture, and field aeration are direct factors. Waltman, Karl W. This comprehensive review aims to explore the multifaceted aspects influencing soil health and nutrient cycling, shedding light on the intricate interactions May 27, 2020 · The physical factors of texture, structure, water and temperature along with the soil reaction, acidity, alkalinity, salinity and sodicity, changes in status of soil nutrients affect soil health and quality. Jun 1, 2021 · This leads to a reduction in the functional abilities of those particular areas negatively affecting agricultural productivity and other natural processes in those environments (Nijbroek et al. These elements shape plant growth and development in significant ways. Soil nutrient factors have a significant effect on forest productivity. We Jul 15, 2020 · soil productivity since it is a major sourc e of micronutrients (Fe, B, Cl, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, N i) and macronutrie nts (N, P , K, Ca, S, Mg , C, O, H) that are need ed for plan t growth. 2012). Aug 25, 2019 · Other soil environmental factors (water, temperature, soil pH, N, and P) can affect the enzymes production rate and their influence on the decomposition rate of SOM pools (Sinsabaugh and Shah 2012). Nov 27, 2024 · Background and aims Studying the relationship between plant functional groups and soil microbial functional groups, abiotic and biotic factors are important for understanding the mechanisms of species coexistence and ecological processes among biological communities, especially in species-rich tropical rainforests. A Nov 17, 2024 · Agricultural greenhouses (AGs) are an effective solution to address the growing demand for vegetables despite limited cropland, yet significant soil quality problems often accompany them, particularly in high-altitude regions. Quiz Lecture-1-2. They are the nonliving components of the environment that, along with the biotic or living factors, determine the extent to which the genetically dictated characters are expressed in the plant. Soil fertility has a great influence on soil productivity. Plant productivity is affected by abiotic and biotic factors and their interaction. Soil productivity is the ability of the soil to produce crop per unit area. Oct 26, 2023 · Socio-economic factors can influence decisions and the intensity of management practices, which when appropriately considered could bridge yield gaps. Nov 25, 2020 · Sometimes, fertile soils can be highly saline or alkaline leading to less productivity. 14 April - 20 April. Soil productivity is defined as the capacity of a soil to produce a certain yield of agricultural crops or other plants using a defined set of management practices. When irrigation water or rainwater penetrates deeper, these factors have a more significant impact on the product. This is consistent with the results of Yang (2019). A. The study aimed to investigate factors affecting maize (Zea mays L. In the current scenario, exploding population, shrinking forest cover The factors affecting soil productivity include all those which affect the physical, chemical and biological conditions of the soil environment in which plants grow. However, a clear distinction between soil productivity and soil fertility should be made. Based on the nature of soil property, soil productivity may be resolved into physical productivity, chemical productivity and biological productivity. Sep 25, 2020 · The use of plant materials as soil conditioners may be a good recycling strategy as it influences the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles in soil–plant systems. 0), adequate soil carbon levels, adequate nutrients in Mar 14, 2020 · The abiotic and biotic factors are the drivers of the soil ecosystem processes and functioning which improve plant growth and development, ultimately productivity. • 5. The indirect ones include soil biota activity, tillage methods, and many others. Enhanced weathering (EW) represents an approach by leveraging the natural process of rock weathering to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in agricultural lands. Other factors like farming methods used may also lower the productivity of the soil. Let us take a look at the most important soil fertility factors. The National Commodity Crop Productivity Index (NCCPI) is a model Jun 19, 2019 · ment on maize productivity in smallholder agricultural systems of western Kenya—An application of. This review paper examines the impact of SOM on soil health, crop production, and the challenges and indicators of soil quality and their determination. These factors are to be taken into consideration by a crop producer (farmer) during crop planning & crop production. For example, soil productivity influences what plants can grow on a site Nov 27, 2013 · Summary of management practices most likely to affect soil productivity (adapted from Titshall et al. Jul 16, 2023 · Based on 295 capacity monitoring sites in Hanzhong city, we used partial least squares structural equation model to construct a model of the factors influencing cultivated land productivity using soil nutrients, farmland water resources, geological characteristics and soil properties as latent variables to explore the main factors affecting A MODEL FOR EVALUATING AND COMPARING SOIL AND SITE FACTORS AFFECTING PRODUCTIVITY OF DISTURBED AND UNDISTURBED SIMILAR AND DISSIMILAR SOILS1 H. The Aug 10, 2019 · Although plants are dependent upon the soil for their mineral nutrients, climatic factors affect respiration, assimilation, photosynthesis, and metabolism to the extent that the mineral and organic matter content of plants may be strongly modified by climatic factors even though grown on the same soil. Aug 25, 2021 · The abiotic factors that affect plant growth and development include topography, soil, and climatic factors. Studies have shown that water erosion consists of four consecutive and dependent stages including detachment, entrainment, transportation, and deposition (Toy et al. Humus Content Three major types of land degradation are affecting productivity: bio-logical, chemical, and physical degradation of soils. Aug 29, 2023 · A productive soil is one in which physical, chemical and biological conditions are favourable for crop production. They include all the practices that affect fertility, the water and air relationships and the activity of the biological agents such as insects, pests, diseases and microorganisms. Plant development and quality are both influenced by the components of the soil. The yield potential (Yp) of crops under non water limited irrigation depends on solar radiation Erosion and Productivity Francisco Arriaga Birl Lowery University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, U. Blinn2 Background Soil is the fundamental resource of the forest (MFRC 2007). Soil productivity and nutrient availability are interrelated. As a result, soil organic matter has declined, soil nutrients are depleted, and soil depth has decreased, leading to a decline in crop yields and forage. This review explores the mechanisms of soil-water retention, factors affecting it, and its significant role in optimizing crop yield. 9%). Soil physical productivity is a reflection of soil physical quality. Yield loss can be caused by several factors, such as environmental conditions, pests and diseases, poor soil quality, and sub-optimal management practices. What are institutional factors affecting agriculture in India? A: Land holdings and agricultural credit are significant institutional Abiotic Factors Affecting Plant Productivity. This study analyzed soil quality Soil porosity is influenced by several factors, including the size and arrangement of soil particles, the amount and type of organic matter, and the degree of compaction. Jun 26, 2023 · Soil degradation spreads at an alarming rate, endangering land fertility and productivity, and, by extension, the world’s food supply. It has been demonstrated that an increase in crop yields significantly reduces poverty. • 3. , 2015), and accumulation of harmful pesticide residues in soil that adversely affect soil microorganisms (Meena et al. Factors affecting soil productivity:- Nov 17, 2023 · FACTORS AFFECTING SOIL PRODUCTIVITY: The factors affecting soil productivity include all those which affect the physical, chemical and biological conditions of the soil environment in which plants grow. Fertile soil is rich in fundamental elements and minerals, has good aeration, water holding capacity, and good texture. 5). Climatic factors, Edaphic or Soil factors, Biotic factors, animals: earth worms, small and large animals, Physiographic factors anthropogenic factors etc. 28 April - 4 May. Social and management analyses were performed to ascertain the factors influencing maize productivity using interviews and Nov 28, 2023 · Basic soil productivity (BSP) is the productive capacity of farmland soils with their own physical and chemical properties during a specific crop season under local field management. The chapter finally describes the significance and problems of evaluation of soil physical productivity. ; and the key Soil fertility and soil productivity are two different terms. This is the process by which plants convert the carbon dioxide that they have absorbed from the atmosphere and ocean into various other chemical substances.
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