Silk road trade route map. Gyeongju and the Silk Roads.

Silk road trade route map Jan 29, 2024 · The Silk Road wasn't a single road, but rather a vast network of caravan routes and maritime paths stretching over 6,400 kilometers (4,000 miles) from East Asia to the Mediterranean, facilitating trade and cultural exchange for over 1,500 years, from the 2nd century BCE to the mid-15th century. Kevin Loria. The Silk Road was not a single route from east to west and so historians favor the name 'Silk Routes', though 'Silk Road' is commonly used. created by the Silk Route trade. Contact. / Roua The Silk Road and German Geographers The Silk Road or Silk Route (Silk Routes, plural, being more accurate) was a network of overland trade routes extending between the Oriental and the Occidental regions of the Northern Hemisphere from the 2nd century BCE to the 18th century. The Steppe Route was an ancient overland route through the Eurasian Steppe that was an active precursor of the Silk Road. The roots of the Silk Road go back to the Western Han Dynasty Feb 22, 2022 · The Silk Road (darker lines), spice routes and other trade networks in the first century. A Silk Road travel can be flexibly customized according to travelers’ length of vacations, departure city, individual preferences and budget. Then, when relations between Rome and Iran became extremely strained, the caravan route was no longer safe and reliable. As the map shows, however, the term “Silk Road” is not limited to the one route the Polos followed, but rather, it is a network of routes that were established during the Han Dynasty, centuries before the Polos traveled, when China Special exhibitions devoted to this material were held at the British Museum in 1990 (Caves of the Thousand Buddhas: Chinese Art from the Silk Route) and at the British Library in 2004 (The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith). The term instead refers to a network of routes used by traders for more than 1,500 years, from when the Han dynasty of China opened trade in 130 B. [1] Due to its shorter length, and the larger Trade Route Map Fur Road, Spice Road, Silk Road Save World map with trade routes, highlighting the interconnection between continents and countries through global logistics in watercolor style, artistic, inspirational, faded, pastel colors with some strong tones, blurred spots in the background, collector Join us as we travel east to west along the Silk Road, exploring the different cultures, arts, and industries of this ancient trade route. Nara at the end of the Silk Roads. After the Turkic Republics in Central Asia acquired their independence, the idea was raised to revive the Silk Road both as a trade route and as a cultural and historical heir with the aim of restoring the inns This endangered mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) was photographed by National Geographic Photographer Joel Sartore on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, in his ambitious project to document every species in captivity—inspiring people not just to care, but also to help protect these animals for future generations. The Silk Road is a testament to the enduring legacy of trade, connectivity, and cultural exchange. Feb 13, 2022 · Various routes of the Silk Road (c. The Tang Dynasty was the golden age of silk production and trade in China and along the Silk Road. Some trade routes in China historically fed into the Silk Road or distributed goods from it. Jul 23, 2024 · The Southern Route wandered west along the northern foot of the Kunlun Mountains, passing Ruoqiang (Charkhlik), Qiemo (Cherchen), Hetian, Yecheng (Karghalik), Shache (Yarkand) and reached Kashgar (the last point of the Silk Road in China). D. 28 MB Map of Tibet in the 13th century and Central Asian trade routes (cropped). merchants and travelers didn’t journey across the whole stretch of trade routes, these trade routes, both overland and on the sea, connected people across Eurasia. Some of the goods which were traded include: Gold; Silver; Cannons, etc Cities grew up along the Silk Roads as essential hubs of trade and exchange, here merchants and travellers came to stop and rest their animals and begin the process of trading their goods. The Silk Road system has existed for over 2,000 years, with specific routes changing over time. This 1,300km long road, which at points runs parallel to a branch of the old Silk Road, connects Gilgit-Baltistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab in Pakistan with Xinjiang province in western China. More than half of this East-West route is in China. Silk Road was a network of trade routes connecting China and the Far East with the Middle East and Europe. The Silk Roads: Then and now ʅ Click the link above to launch the map. Share in pairs, then as a class. Do a Quick Write (5-7 minutes), by selecting one of the two prompts. FAQs about Silk Road Trade Aug 2, 2018 · The Silk Road (or Silk Route) is one of the oldest routes of international trade in the world. Through China’s Belt and Road Initiative, Eurasia is the focus of the largest and most expensive infrastructure project in history. Although it is suspected that significant trade occurred for about 1,000 years beforehand, the Silk Road opened around 139 BCE once China was unified under the Han dynasty. See our recommended Silk Road tours for inspiration: 11-Day Along the Great Silk Road; 8-Day Miraculous Qinghai and Legendary Silk Road Tour; 6-Day Oct 9, 2018 · The Silk Road was an ancient network of trade routes that connected the East (China) and the West (Europe) creating the largest Eurasian causeway in the world. May 12, 2024 · Silk Road Routes Overview. Oct 26, 2024 · On conventional maps of the Silk Road, trade routes spanning the Eurasian continent tend to avoid the mountains of Central Asia as much as possible. Oct 5, 2024 · The Silk Route connected India to China and the Roman Empire, while other important routes included the Spice Route, Salt Route, Incense Route, Tin Route, and The Amber Road. Silk Road travel is a rich cultural journey into the heart of China. Rise To Prominence And Commercial Significance. This endangered mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) was photographed by National Geographic Photographer Joel Sartore on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, in his ambitious project to document every species in captivity—inspiring people not just to care, but also to help protect these animals for future generations. - MAPS / ATLAS - 21st Century Silk Road - OBOR China's Initiative & Related Trade Routes A journey of a 1,000 miles begins with a single step. [1] The Black Death, which broke out in 1347, was a terrible disaster spreading along the trade routes. The silk road project. From the bustling markets of Xi’an to the cosmopolitan city of Samarkand, you can explore the vibrant tapestry of civilizations that once thrived here. Interactive map of the Silk Road showcasing historical routes and major landmarks. The main overland trade route that connects connects Pakistan with China is called The Karakoram Highway or KKH. Nov 3, 2020 · Click the lines on the map that make up the Silk Roads – Trade Routes. May 1, 2018 · The Silk Road was a network of ancient trade routes, formally established during the Han Dynasty of China in 130 BCE, which linked the regions of the ancient world in commerce between 130 BCE-1453 CE. For each “city,” students will map the trade routes and analyze artifacts as a class that range from The Spread of Islam in Southeast Asia through the Trade Routes. Low-lying cities such as Samarkand and Tashkent Mar 9, 2017 · The Silk Road refers to a network of ancient trade routes that have crossed central Asia since time immemorial. With this page I want to provide an interactive map of the historic Silk Road. The Silk Road (or Silk Routes) is an extensive interconnected network of trade routes across the Asian continent connecting East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean world, as well as North and Northeast Africa and Europe. It outlines the main routes, mountain passes and cities that made up the historic Silk Road network. This vast geographic area was crossed by land, primarily along the routes that earned the name Silk Road for one of the principle commodities. Originally, the people in the Han Empire (206 BC–220 AD) traded silk within the empire from the interior to the western borders, but the internal trade was stymied by the attacks of small nomadic tribes on the trade caravans. Wools, gold, and silver went east. Major routes include: Northern Route: From Chang’an in China to Central Asia, passing through Dunhuang, Samarkand, and Bukhara, then extending to the Middle East and Europe. Find some of the cities on the route. E. , when the Ottoman Empire closed off trade with the West. Order a map below! The Silk Road [a] was a network of Eurasian trade routes active from the second century BCE until the mid-15th century. This map, printed on the elegance of silk, unites both sides of the world through the exchange of ideas that transformed civilization. 1450, when the taxes and tolls of the burgeoning Ottoman Empire deterred almost all of the remaining trade along the traditional Silk Road routes. The erstwhile Persian Royal Road became the major artery of the Silk Route. Map of the Tea-Horse route. More than just a physical road, it spans a series of trade routes across grasslands, mountains and deserts, connecting East and West. 8 MB Map of Ptolemy Stone Tower Locations on Silk Road. 7 Place de Fontenoy. Jun 3, 2023 · During the medieval period, Moscow was not directly located on the major spice routes. These trade routes facilitated the exchange of various goods, including spices, between the East and the West. Economies of scale, harsh conditions, and security considerations required the organization of trade into caravans, slowly trekking from one stage (town or oasis) to the other. C. Stout Hall of Asian Peoples 2nd fl oor (15-20 minutes) MAPS & ATLAS - SILK ROAD TRADE ROUTES MAP. UNESCO Headquarters. From Xi’an in China to Bukhara in Uzbekistan, from Jeddah in Saudi Arabia to Venice in Italy, cities supplied Oct 23, 2024 · On conventional maps of the Silk Road, trade routes spanning the Eurasian continent tend to avoid the mountains of Central Asia as much as possible. Research, Policy and Foresight Section. Despite the Silk Roads history as routes of trade, the man who is often credited with founding them by opening up the first route from China to the West in the 2nd century BC, General Zhang Qian, was actually sent on a diplomatic mission rather than one motivated by trading Sent to the West in 139 BCE by the Han Emperor Wudi The Silk Road was an ancient trade route connecting the East and West, facilitating cultural and economic exchanges. Today, it is being reimagined on an unprecedented scale. The Silk Road was an economic thoroughfare that connected countries such as India, Egypt, Greece, China, and Rome and allowed for free trade, production, and communication. Iran’s role in the Silk Road was largely shaped by its geographic position, located between China and the Mediterranean. Quanzhou – The Heart of the Maritime Silk Roads. In 1877 the term "Seidenstraße" (Die Seidenstrassen, literally "Silk Road") was coined by the German geographer, cartographer and explorer Ferdinand von Richthofen. Apr 25, 2017 · This connection led to the establishment of trade relations, and Emperor Wu opened the Silk Road in 130 B. By the 17th century, the traditional Silk Road and Maritime Silk Road routes had largely faded away as new global trade routes emerged with European dominance. The Silk Road was an ancient network of trade routes that connected many communities of Eurasia by land and sea, Map of the Silk Road, 1st century CE. Share The Silk Road was a network of ancient trade routes, formally established during the Han Dynasty of China in 130 BCE, which linked the regions of the ancient world in commerce between 130 BCE-1453 CE. [1] Spanning over 6,400 km (4,000 mi), it played a central role in facilitating economic, cultural, political, and religious interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds. Jan 9, 2024 · Because silk was a highly coveted trade good, the route the Polos took to China became known as the Silk Road. Low-lying cities such as Samarkand and Tashkent Jun 17, 2024 · The Silk Road served as the main trade route, enabling the trade of high-end products such as silk, spices, valuable metals, and gemstones between China, India, Persia, Arabia, and the Mediterranean. The Byzantine Empire was a significant site for Chinese silk. The focus area will showcase major cities, trade hubs, and key geographical features along these routes. MAPS & ATLAS - SILK ROAD TRADE ROUTES MAP. 1. Social and Human Sciences Sector. Read more about the Silk Road here. Dec 20, 2024 · The Silk Road was known for the exchange of valuable goods between distant regions. Sep 26, 2024 · Rather than a single trade route from East to West, the Silk Roads were made up of overlapping networks linking communities across Asia, Africa and Europe, from East Asia to Britain, and from Scandinavia to Madagascar. Ancient Monastic Hospital System in Sri Lanka. In these new maps, Cresques pointed the cities and stations along the overland Silk Roads, and he indicated a more “southerly Silk Route”. Other trails fanned out to Mar 25, 2024 · Map of Central Asia with trade routes and movements, von Richthofen. New Silk Road - ru. > Is the Silk Road one continuous route or many segments and routes ? Click QUIZ in the bar at the top of the panel. See more ideas about silk road, map, route. Map of the Overland and Maritime Ancient Silk Road Trade Routes. This generated considerable wealth and prosperity , playing a role in the economic advancement and progress of the societies situated along this then watch a Ted Talk about the Silk Road, followed by a discussion about the ancient trading routes and the importance of Marco Polo. Instead, most only traveled short distances and traded between a few cities. Mar 4, 2024 · The Silk Road, an unofficial trade network throughout history, facilitated economic and cultural exchanges between remote parts of the ancient world from the 1st to the 15th centuries AD. png 2,368 × 1,938; 6. 1300 BC – 1400 AD) It’s not really just one road… The Silk Road is actually the collective name given to a series of ancient land trade routes that linked China, Central Asia, the Middle East and Europe. Routes of Dialogue. Your Experiences with Travel. The routes remain largely valid for the period 500 BCE to 500 CE. Dec 5, 2024 · The Silk Road is neither an actual road nor a single route. Khwarazm Region and the Silk Roads. Some of the most famous commodities traded along these routes include: Silk: The trade of silk was the primary reason for the name of the route. 75007 Paris, France. Mongolian Nomadism along the Silk Roads Abstract Background. These pathways facilitated the movement of multifarious trade goods from ancient India, enriching both domestic and international markets. Mar 13, 2024 · Silk Road trade commenced in a great fashion through the work mission of Zhang Qian (200–114 BC). 2017-03-08T20:13:00Z An curved arrow pointing right. “Explore the Silk Road” interactive table map in the Samarkand section. Many merchants along the Silk Road were involved in relay trade, where an item would change owners many times and travel a little bit with each one of Jan 10, 2015 · The ancient Silk Road is a long tourist travel route involving lots of Chinese destinations, mostly located in Northwest China. The numerous paths Silk Road; Map; The Great Silk Road map Map of ancient Silk Road with modern cities and countries. Silk Road, also called Silk Route, ancient trade route, linking China with the West, is actually many routes from the Roman Empire through the steppes, mountains, and deserts of Central Asia and India to China. The ancient Silk Road has been a trading route between Europe and Central Asia from the 2 nd century BCE to the 15 th century CE. Stout Hall of Asian Peoples 2nd fl oor (15-20 minutes) When you check todays road map of Turkey you can see very similar trajectories with the old Silk Road routes. 4. The legacy of first transnational Apr 30, 2024 · The Silk Road, an ancient network of trade routes, not only facilitated the exchange of goods but also profoundly influenced the cultures, economies, and tourism sectors of the regions it connected. Powerpoint: Trade and Exchange in the Ancient World. Map showing the trade routes that made up the Silk Roads (map by Evan Freeman, CC BY-NC-SA 2. Jan 10, 2025 · Silk Road, ancient trade route, linking China with the West, that carried goods and ideas between the two great civilizations of Rome and China. Feb 5, 2024 · The map of the Silk Road offers a fascinating glimpse into the diversity of cultures, religions, and trade that flourished along this historic route. Some research suggests that the Black Death was transmitted largely by the Silk Road. All three dynasties are connected and intertwined with silk and its significance and trade along the Silk Road. The Silk Road consisted of various routes that spanned across vast deserts, mountains, and plains, with Iran acting as a bridge between East and West. `This map illustrates the historical trade routes of the Amber Road and Silk Road, highlighting their significance in connecting cultures and economies across Eurasia. svg 1,174 × 647; 237 KB. caitrin zellers. ʅ Click the button, Measure. Jul 2, 2019 · The trade route bridged the Old World, linking China with Rome. Silk and horses were traded as key commodities; secondary trade included furs, weapons, musical instruments, precious stones (turquoise, lapis lazuli, agate, nephrite) and jewels. Name: Silk Road Length: 6,400km / 4,000mi (approx. [1][6] Beginning in Dhaztanar in Semphar, and ending in Yenching in Shou Lung, the Silk Road was the major trade route that connected the eastern lands of Kara-Tur to the western lands of Faerun, and was where most of the goods that traveled between the two areas passed. It remained active for centuries and was central to economic and cultural exchange between the East and the West, particularly from the second century BCE to the eighteenth century CE. Silk went westward. Some routes headed north across Anatolia (in modern Turkey) to Constantinople (now Istanbul), from 330 ce the capital ofthe eastern Roman Empire. How has the modern world economy led to cultural diffusion today? Silk Road trade routes led to cultural diffusion in the Post-Classical period. By the late 16th century, the Silk Road had lost its prominence to new maritime trade routes but the legacy of interconnectivity and exchange endured. Tour the Silk Road with Us. The Great Silk Road is a system of caravan routes crossing in ancient and middle age time Eurasian continent from Mediterranean Sea to China and influencing the emergence and development of trade and cultural ties between people and statehoods located along the way. Dec 24, 2021 · The Silk Road was the current name for a complex of ancient trade routes linking East Asia with Central Asia, South Asia, and the Mediterranean world. There were many reasons the Silk Road immediately rose to prominence. Although the name implies otherwise, it was not one single road linking East to West, but a variety of routes. until 1453 C. While most populations on this route have been characterized, the genetic background of others remains poorly understood, and little is known about past migration patterns. The Tea Horse Road or Chamadao (simplified Chinese: 茶马道; traditional Chinese: 茶馬道), now generally referred to as the Ancient Tea Horse Road or Chamagudao (simplified Chinese: 茶马古道; traditional Chinese: 茶馬古道) was a network of caravan paths winding through the mountains of Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet in Southwest China. Mar 14, 2023 · The truly decisive blow to the trade arrived around A. What impact did diffusion have on connected regions? Making connections with the modern world. Mar 8, 2017 · New research reveals secrets of how the ancient trade routes of the Silk Road were formed. China also received Nestorian Christianity and Buddhism (from India) via the route. Silk Road A network of historic trade routes, it connected Southern Europe, Persia, East Africa, Central Asia, East Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia via land. 3, 3 November 2008). After Mesopotamia the Silk Route continued north-west, skirting the Syrian Desert, before splitting once more into several trails. The Silk Road was a network of trading routes that extended more than 4,600 miles—across immense deserts and high mountain passes—from eastern China west to the Mediterranean. Exploring the map of Silk Road allows us to delve into its ancient origins and present-day significance. Silk Roads Programme Mar 15, 2018 · This map indicates trading routes used around the 1st century CE centred on the Silk Road. The Silk Road wasn’t a single route but a network of interconnected paths spanning Asia, linking East and West for trade, ideas, and culture. Students will simulate traveling along the Silk Road by going on a visual tour of key cities. May 11, 2020 · In T’s May 17 Travel Issue, four writers retrace the land routes of ancient explorers, looking at food, religion, art, poetry and silk-making. ) Established: 138-116 BCE Start: Xi’an, China Oct 1, 2023 · The Han Dynasty was credited with the discovery and production of silk. Nov 19, 2021 · Map of the Silk Road, via the New York Times This legendary ancient trade route linked Asia and Europe across the vast landmass of Central Asia. Few years later, in 1402, one of the major maps of history was created in the Korean Peninsula by Keun Kwon and Hoe Lee. I also give some context about the history of the Silk Road and point to helpful resources for further reading. First called the Silk Road in the 19th century, the 4,500-kilometer (2,800 miles) route is actually a web of caravan tracks which actively funneled trade goods between Chang'an (now the present-day city of Xi'an), China in the East and Rome, Italy in the West at least between the 2nd century BC up Sep 10, 2024 · The Geography of the Silk Road: Iran as a Central Hub. Established when the Han Dynasty in China officially opened trade with the West in Dec 5, 2023 · From 130 BCE to 1453 CE, the Silk Road fostered the trade of goods and ideas as well as the spread of religions and diseases between the two continents. Then this route crossed the snow-covered Pamirs, reached Pakistan and India via Kashmir; it could also Explore the interactive map of the Silk Road and discover its historical significance and key locations. A personal experience is much more interesting and profound than what you read about in an article. Topographical map (s) Procedures. Nov 3, 2017 · The Silk Road was a network of trade routes connecting China and the Far East with the Middle East and Europe. The Silk Road trade routes extended: D. Marco Polo (1990) Plus grandes images, voir plus bas. This StoryMap explores the variety of goods traded along the Silk Road, such as silk, spices, and precious metals, which were instrumental in the Feb 18, 2024 · Media in category "Maps of trade routes" The following 99 files are in this category, out of 99 total. . Feb 22, 2024 · The Silk Road routes form a network of railways that link cultures, economies, and people along its path. The Silk Road trade with China passed through Xinjiang. ʅ Click the lines on the map that make up the Silk Roads – Trade Routes. The Silk Road was an ancient network of trade routes that connected the East and West, facilitating the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures. Explain that back in the classroom, they will create a map of the Silk Road that contains information about its topography, people, trade routes, and artifacts. The Maritime Silk Road or Maritime Silk Route is the maritime section of the historic Silk Road that connected Southeast Asia, East Asia, the Indian subcontinent, the Arabian Peninsula, eastern Africa, and Europe. But how did it get started? Conventional models usually start by inferring the Dec 23, 2020 - Explore Steve Stahle's board "Ancient Trade Routes" on Pinterest. Silk Road trade completely changed how people made and distributed goods, energized settlements along the trade routes, and spread belief systems like Buddhism. Cities and towns along busy Silk Road routes thrived, and during the 12th century, Merv (in present day Turkmenistan) was actually the largest city in the world until it was decimated in 1221 by the Dec 22, 2022 · At first, in the 2nd century BCE, when the Roman Empire established trade relations with China, the Silk Road passed through the caravan route of Persia. jpg 608 × 212; 77 KB Austronesian proto-historic and historic (Maritime Silk Road) maritime trade network in Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean [1]. Dec 14, 2020 · The map shows the routes of the Silk Road. After eight years exploring the Sil k Roads encompassing over 30,000 miles, in addition to months worth of historical research, I captured my journeys into a singular, hand-drawn map. Other trade routes competed with the Silk Road, including maritime trade from southeastern ports across the South China Sea, and a route from the mountainous southwest down the Red River to Hanoi and Haiphong in what is now Vietnam. A network of mostly land but also sea trading routes, the Silk Road stretched from China to Korea and Japan in the east, and connected China through Central Asia to India in the south and to Turkey and Italy in the west. Infected rats followed caravans along the Silk Road to the Mediterranean, where they spread north and south to Africa and Europe. Stevertigo and Shizhao created this image in the Wikimedia Commons. Geographical labels for regions are adapted The Silk Road had a significant impact on the lands through which the routes passed, and the trade played a significant role in the development of towns and cities along the Silk Road routes. May 24, 2018 · The Silk Road “The Silk Road” is a catch-all term for the many overland and maritime routes linking East Asia with Europe and the Middle East. Nov 8, 2024 · Simple Silk Road Map: Silk Road Countries Map. Tracing the Ancient Trade Routes Ancient Silk Road Route. Silk Road Map BCE–100 CE, Silk Road Trade Map. overland trade routes maritime trade routes †i¢ †i¢ †i¢ †i¢ †i¢ †i Aug 8, 2024 · We take a look at the countries along the Silk Road, the ancient network of trade routes that connected China with the West. from Europe to China The Silk Road was an ancient trade route which connected China to the rest of the world and they all did business together. May 22, 2024 · The decline of the Maritime Silk Road began around the 14th century as maritime trade routes shifted and new trade routes emerged. Chinese silk was highly coveted by the Roman Empire and later, by European merchants. It is our aim to provide educational information on what has been called the "Silk Road," or "Silk Routes. Brunei in the Maritime Silk Roads. Apr 26, 2012 · This map indicates trading routes used around the 1st century CE centred on the Silk Road. Permission to Copy this Illustration by Shizhao (2012) is Granted by the GNU Free Documentation License (Version 1. png 2,034 × 1,227; 4. 0, Asia is the primary focus of Silk Road trade, but it can be argued Mar 13, 2023 · The Silk Road consisted of numerous routes that stretched from East Asia, across the Indian subcontinent, Central Asia, the Middle East, and East Africa, and ended in Europe. " Although the "Silk Road" may appear as a single road, it is a network of centuries-old trade routes which enabled traders to travel from Xian in China, to Istanbul in Turkey. `| Check out this map The Silk Road was the primary overland trade route between Faerûn and Kara-Tur. Travelers and traders came from areas such as present-day China, Iran, Turkey, Greece, and Italy, all of which were part of the Silk Road. Jan 1, 2025 · Research and identify goods, technology, and ideas that made their way along Silk Road trade routes. ? Is the Silk Road one continuous route or many segments? [A network of multiple routes] ʅ Click the large green arrow on the map and read the text out loud. Gyeongju and the Silk Roads. The city Samarkand in Uzbekistan is located along the Silk Road (Shutterstock) Fast facts. Routes also extended to the north and south, and eventually included seaways. This network of caravan (and sea) routes stimulated the Aug 3, 2020 · The Silk Road was a series of trade routes, officially established during the Han Dyansty in China (130 BCE). Contrary to popular belief, most merchants who utilized the Silk Road never traveled the whole route. However, it was situated in close proximity to significant trade routes that connected Europe with Asia, including the renowned Silk Road. vxkqj hrrs ygyefkn qtykm cnte zegw arnj ctgamg tnilsrz xnuu