Epidemiology of malaria in ethiopia pdf But it is a rare malaria parasite in Africa, except in the eastern part of the region. Jul 1, 2025 · Background Malaria has long been a global health priority, particularly in Eastern Africa, where it remains the leading cause of child mortality and a significant barrier to socioeconomic development. However, shortly after the COVID-19 pandemic, an unpredictable malaria resurgence was observed in almost all malaria-endemic areas of the country, although the exact cause of which has not yet been identified. Mar 4, 2024 · Background Understanding the temporal and geographic distribution of disease incidences is crucial for effective public health planning and intervention strategies. In Ethiopia the public health and socio-economic impact of this disease is huge. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and Though Ethiopia has made a remarkable effort towards malaria prevention and control activities, malaria is occurring at epidemic levels in different regions. The aim of this study was to assess the Purpose of Review The objective of this review was to provide an update on recent malaria epidemiology, both globally and in non-endemic areas, to identify the current distribution and repercussions of genetically diverse Plasmodium species and summarize recently implemented intervention and prevention tools. 61%. According to the last Malaria Indicator Survey in 2015, the parasite prevalence in Ethiopia was . Despite efforts to reduce the mortality and morbidity, the disease is still a prominent health problem in Ethiopia. Aug 15, 2024 · Pooled prevalence of malaria and associated factors among vulnerable populations in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis Background. Nov 22, 2020 · A stratification performed in 2020 in the Harari Region of Ethiopia used only malaria incidence data 56 , while the malaria control interventions implemented in Tanzania in 2020 were based on a In the Harari Region, malaria morbidity and mortality have been significantly declined and scaling-up of the existing malaria prevention and control strategies by focusing on those populations living in the higher malaria transmission districts and sub-districts, planning of malaria elimination from the study area might be feasible. Despite progress in reducing cases and deaths, there has been a resurgence. 4% cases per 1000 population (Table 3. This highlights the need to identify driving factors for malaria outbreaks and sustain progress toward elimination. Apr 29, 2025 · Background Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in Ethiopia, hindering the country’s productivity and development. The number of confirmed malaria cases decreased by 47% between 2016 and 2019. Data were extracted from clinical records of malaria cases by trained medical laboratory technologists. Therefore, this study aims to Nov 4, 2022 · Background In Ethiopia, malaria is a major concern to the health, and socio-economic development of the country because of its occurrence at the peak agricultural activities. Malaria adversely affects the health of the peoples Malaria poses a significant public health challenge in Ethiopia, with approximately 75% of the country's landmass considered malaria-endemic, and around 69% of the population residing in these areas facing the risk of infection. 4 cases per 1000 population per year in 2020 to 11. Prior studies in Ethiopia focused on the adult population and high transmission areas. In Tigray, the health system including the surveillance system was damaged due to the war that erupted in November 2020, which requested to assess the burden of malaria in the region. Monitoring and evaluation of current malaria transmission status is an important component of malaria control as it is a measure of the success of ongoing interventions and guides the planning of future control and elimination efforts. This study aims to determine the overall attack rate of malaria outbreaks and identify the key determinants. Among the ve Plasmodium species known to infect human beings, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria are by far the most predominant and widely distributed in Ethiopia. Editorial Open Access Misgune Sewangiza PDF FullText DOI: 10. Methods From December 2006 to January 2007, a baseline malaria Jul 20, 2024 · This study aims to assess malaria prevalence, prevention practices, and associated factors in the Andasa cluster, an area with persistent malaria transmission in Ethiopia. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3. There are no nationwide estimates for asymptomatic malaria and associated factors in Ethiopia. vivax, respectiv … Nov 16, 2022 · Background Globally, malaria is among the leading cause of under-five mortality and morbidity. Despite extensive efforts and achievements made in prevention and control, malaria is still a public health problem in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of malaria and its associated factors among adults living in Samre woreda, Tigray, Ethiopia, in 2023/24. It is the major cause of health problems in which the risk of morbidity and mortality associated with malaria cases are characterized by spatial variations across the county. The associations between the prevalence of malaria and independent Oct 31, 2024 · Download Report (PDF | 2. More than 125 million pregnant women are at risk of getting malaria per year. Despite the severity of the disease in children, the majority of research conducted in Ethiopia has focused on adult populations rather than children. 0 IGO. Methods HIV, TB and malaria data were obtained from different nationwide prevalence surveys, and geospatial covariates were obtained from publicly available sources. The data show that, despite progress in malaria control, including routine immunisations, the number of cases in 2023 still exceeded that of 2022 by around 11 million. 2). World malaria report 2023. Based on the HMIS reports (2016-2019), malaria related admission has significantly decreased. The percentage Malawi, 2% of total malaria deaths in at risk) reduced from 80 in 2000 to 58 in 2015 and 57 in children aged under Guinea, 5 years 2% was 84% in 2000 and 67% 2019 (Table 3. Aug 31, 2024 · The aim of this study was to summarize the major achievements, challenges, and knowledge gaps in malaria control in Ethiopia from 2001 to 2022, to assess the changes in malaria epidemiology from 2017 to 2022, to document the new challenges in malaria control due to the invasion of An. falciparum and P. Jun 19, 2023 · Malaria is a major global public health concern, with around half of the world's population at risk of infection. Currently, the case number has been climbing, even changin May 12, 2024 · This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria and associated risk factors in selected rural kebeles in South Ethiopia. The current systematic review's goal was to determine the overall malaria prevalence Sep 15, 2021 · Author summary Plasmodium vivax is the most widely distributed parasite worldwide. 3. 3 million malaria cases and 1157 deaths (CFR 0. 1 percent prevalence above 2,000 meters. 5 percent by microscopy and 1. Malaria is one of the major public health problems in developing countries like Ethiopia. Algeria was certified malaria-free by WHO in 2019. vivax was 8. Prevalence, cases, map, treatment, risk, deaths and other facts about malaria in Ethiopia. This study was aimed at assessing the current situation of malaria and its associated risk factors among patients attending Gambella Regional Hospital. 2 percent by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for areas below 2,000 meters and less than . Previous developments in vector control, diagnostic capabilities, and treatment protocols have led to notable reductions in malaria Background. 99%, respectively. A cross-sectional study was carried out from October to November 2012 in East Shewa zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Nov 30, 2023 · report 2023 2023 View the World malaria report 2023 and the related information package using the links below. Emboldened by these past achievements, Ethiopia envisages to eliminate malaria by 2030. Apr 15, 2025 · Background Though Ethiopia has made a remarkable effort towards malaria prevention and control activities, malaria is occurring at epidemic levels in different regions. Malaria is a serious, fatal disease, and a high-risk determinant for human health globally. 03% among under-five children [8], and 12. 1002 Nov 16, 2022 · More than one in five children aged under five years were infected with malaria. » In Between view of 2000 recent and trends, 2015, the in region 2019. This study aimed to generate evidence on Dec 23, 2024 · Background Ethiopia has been progressing very well in controlling malaria in the past few years. 5. Five countries in the Region accounted for just over half of all malaria cases in 2023: Nigeria (25. In Tigray, the health system including the surveillance system was damaged due to the war May 12, 2024 · Background Despite continuous prevention and control strategies in place, malaria remains a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate and the Sep 30, 2024 · This study was a malaria prevalence survey among settlers in a new gold mining settlement in the highly malarious Gambella Region, Ethiopia. Information on the prevalence of Mar 4, 2021 · The pooled prevalence of malaria among adults in Ethiopia was 13. 76 MB) Situation at a glance Between 1 January and 20 October 2024, over 7. While malaria incidence had decreased by 2018, and Ethiopia is working towards eliminating the disease by 2030, outbreaks still occur even in areas of low endemicity. Subgroup analysis based on types of malaria cases showed that the prevalence of malaria among symptoma … Dec 11, 2024 · Estimated malaria cases: in 2023, there were about 246 million malaria cases compared to 204 million in 2000. Data triangulation with previous Public Health Emergency Management and malaria micro planning reports indicate that more than 80 percent of Before the first eradication pilot experiments began in mid 1950s the epidemiology of malaria across Ethiopia was characterized by all observers according to altitude, patterns of seasonal rainfall, proximity to breeding sites and the susceptibility to epidemics. Jul 11, 2025 · The global malaria control and eradication effort should concentrate particularly on the South Sudan and Ethiopia regions to provide more intervention control to lower the risk of malaria incidence in East African countries, as both countries have high levels of P. 2) Malaria vector control and the biology and behavior of malaria vectors. May 1, 2025 · Malaria remains a public health challenge in Ethiopia. During malaria infection, they might have a complication of anemia, cerebral malaria, coma, respiratory distress, and a decrease in cognitive and behavioral improvement. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of malaria and its associated fac-tors among adults living in Samre woreda, Tigray, Ethiopia, in 2023/24. The highest disease burden persists among neonates aged 7-27 days, underscoring the urgent need for targeted interventions … This study investigated the spatial overlap and drivers of HIV, TB and malaria prevalence in Ethiopia. Recently, malaria is an endemic disease in Ethiopia. Participants were tested for malaria using rapid diagnostic tests and microscopy. will The miss estimate two critical of deaths 2020 in 2015 PREVALENCE OF MALARIA TRENDS AND CONTROL PRACTICES IN MELKA BELO WOREDA, EASTERN HARARGHE ZONE, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA MSc THESIS Jan 30, 2025 · Background: Ethiopia has faced a significant burden of malaria, enduring endemic transmission in various regions. Methods A weighted sample of 15,239 To measure the prevalence of malaria-related fever, malaria parasitemia and anemia among children under five, and malaria parasitemia among populations over five years of age. Objectives This study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of malaria and its determinant factors among the most vulnerable Background Malaria is a serious, fatal disease, and a high-risk determinant for human health globally. Malaria is a protozoan disease caused by the Plasmodium species. 3). Subgroup analysis based on types of malaria cases showed that the prevalence of malaria among symptomatic and asymptomatic adults was 15. 6%), Uganda (4. Dec 17, 2021 · Abstract Malaria is a fatal disease among children in malaria-prone locations such as Addis Zemen and Woreta because of their weak immune systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate and the associated socio-economic, geographic and demographic Dec 26, 2024 · Background Even though several measures have been taken to eliminate malaria, its burden remains persistently high in Sub-Saharan Africa. Methods. In Ethiopia, due to the agroecological variations, the transmission of malaria is quite different [3]. vivax; the major Anopheles arabiensis vector and the high variability across different transmission strata. Objective This study aimed to determine malaria prevalence and associated Sep 17, 2021 · Background Ethiopia embarked on combating malaria with an aim to eliminate malaria from low transmission districts by 2030. 02%) were reported in Ethiopia. 1). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023. The study was done in a time when malaria prevalence is high: during Mar 4, 2021 · A systematic review by Kendie et al. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate and the associated socio-economic, geographic and demographic factors of malaria based on the rapid diagnosis test (RDT) survey results. Ethiopia plans to achieve nationwide malaria elimination by 2030. Mar 4, 2021 · The pooled prevalence of malaria among adults in Ethiopia was 13. The concrete prevention, control, and treatment interventions undertaken in the past two decades have substantially reduced the morbidity and mortality attributable to malaria. Creating awareness regarding utilization of insecticide-treated bed nets, and draining stagnant water from the environment are possible interventions to reduce the prevalence of malaria. 2. Main text We evaluated changes in malaria control policy Jun 12, 2012 · Background More than 75% of the total area of Ethiopia is malarious, making malaria the leading public health problem in Ethiopia. In the current systematic review and meta-analysis, the total number of children included were 26,148. vivax co-exist. The flow diagram refers to the selection of studies included for a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of malaria among children. Nov 5, 2018 · Ethiopia is one of the African countries where Plasmodium falciparum and P. However, it is absent or the risk is low in the central highlands, where the altitude (or elevation) is 2,000 metres or more above Active detection of asymptomatic malaria cases and resolution of associated factors are essential for malaria elimination. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Samre Woreda from December 14 Malaria is caused by Plasmodium species and transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, which is the most common medical concern all over the world, including in Ethiopia. A continuous monitoring of malaria prevalence in areas under elimination settings is important to evaluate the status of malaria transmission and the effectiveness of the currently existing malaria intervention strategies. Jul 1, 2025 · Despite overall progress, malaria remains a major health threat in Eastern Africa nations, with the three leading countries in the region being South Sudan, Ethiopia and Uganda. Apr 30, 2025 · Effective implementation of these strategies can reduce malaria prevalence, alleviate economic impacts, and improve health outcomes for affected populations in Western Ethiopia. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution of disease incidences in Ethiopia, focusing on six major diseases: Malaria, Meningitis, Cholera and Dysentery, over the period from 2010 to 2022 Jan 26, 2022 · Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the six year trend of malaria prevalence at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, northwest Ethiopia, from 2014 to 2019. Malaria is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in tropical and subtropical regions. Therefore, this review was aimed at determining the pooled prevalence of malaria among children in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate malaria burden and associated risk factors in Jul 17, 2017 · Information on the prevalence of malaria and its associated factors is vital to focus and improve malaria interventions. 06 in 2022. (2021) also indicated a lower pooled prevalence of malaria among adults in Ethiopia (13. This suggests the rate of under-five malaria is far off the 2030 national malaria elimination programme of Ethiopia. Jun 30, 2025 · This study highlights the heterogeneous nature of malaria transmission in urban settings in Ethiopia, indicating the lowest seroprevalence level in Adama and higher levels in Awash Sebat Kilo. This study aimed to assess the 10-year trend in the prevalence of malaria in northwest May 11, 2021 · Abstract Active detection of asymptomatic malaria cases and resolution of associated factors are essential for malaria elimination. 3 whereas, in 2015, it decreased to 0. Jun 12, 2012 · More than 75% of the total area of Ethiopia is malarious, making malaria the leading public health problem in Ethiopia. Therefore the aim of this study was to assess the ten-year trend in malaria prevalence from Nov 30, 2020 · Mozambique, (i. This study was conducted to analyse the malaria epidemiology and stratification of incidence in the malaria elimination setting in eastern Ethiopia. Malaria poses a Nov 5, 2018 · Ethiopia is one of the African countries where Plasmodium falciparum and P. Cabo Verde and Eswatini had zero estimated malaria deaths in 2021, while Ethiopia, South Africa and Zimbabwe achieved reductions in their mortality rates of 40% or more. We had classified the included studies based on the type of cases so that most of the articles were conducted among children with asymptomatic Suggested citation. About 75% of the landmass of Ethiopia is malarious and 68% of the Ethiopian population, estimated at about 54 million in 2010, live in malaria risk areas. Dec 1, 2018 · Background Ethiopia is one of the African countries where Plasmodium falciparum and P. Background: Ethiopia has faced a significant burden of malaria, enduring endemic transmission in various regions. Finding of the current review showed that a pooled estimate prevalence of P. Total Malaria Cases Trend 2018-2022 (DHIS-2) The goal of reducing malaria cases was not attained as malaria increased from 3. 8%), Ethiopia (3. 9%), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (12. Monitoring and evaluation of current malaria transmission status is an important component of Apr 11, 2022 · Abstract Active detection of asymptomatic malaria cases and resolution of associated factors are essential for malaria elimination. 6%) [36], which is approximately one-third of the prevalence recorded The Ministry of Health (quoted in [15]) summarizes Malaria’s socio-economic impacts in Ethiopia as follows: The high morbidity and mortality rate in the adult population significantly reduces production activities; The prevalence of malaria in many productive parts of the country prevents the movement and settlement of people in resource-rich Determine baseline coverage of LLINs, untreated mosquito nets and indoor residual spraying. 72% among pregnant women [9]. . stephensi, and to discuss the prospects for its control. Nov 5, 2018 · Background Ethiopia is one of the African countries where Plasmodium falciparum and P. Aug 15, 2024 · The pooled prevalence of malaria is high among vulnerable populations. Malaria Malaria remains a public health problem in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aims to generate comprehensive and conclusive evidence from various studies conducted in Ethiopia. Jan 22, 2021 · The unique epidemiology of malaria transmission in Ethiopia; the presence of strictly seasonal transmission in some settings and perennial transmission elsewhere, as well as different levels of co-endemicity of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax [2], calls for the use of tailored approaches to characterize the epidemiology of malaria. Jul 28, 2022 · Background Ethiopia is among sub-Saharan African countries with a high number of malaria cases each year, with most of the landmass favoring the breeding of the vectors. 2025. Moreover, prevalence of malaria differs in different geographical settings and epidemiological data were inadequate to assure disease status in the study area. In particular, the decline has been significant in 2019 with 15,307 admissions down from over 30 Malaria Epidemiology in Ethiopia: The epidemiology of malaria in Ethiopia is well described in national documents demonstrating the threat to larger number of the population from both Plasmodium falciparum and p. Aug 15, 2024 · Background Malaria is a serious, fatal disease, and a high-risk determinant for human health globally. As you can see from Figure 5. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated factors of malaria among febrile Methods An institution-based retrospective study was employed to assess the trend of malaria prevalence over a 6-year period (2015–2020) in three districts (Jile tumuga, Aruma fursi, and Dawachefa) of Northeastern Ethiopia. The Government should strengthen malaria control strategies such as disseminating insecticide-treated … May 2, 2019 · Ethiopia is one of the malaria-endemic countries in Africa suffering a pooled prevalence of 13. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria and associated Apr 14, 2021 · The flow diagram refers to the selection of studies included for a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of malaria among children. The bulk of the global malaria burden is in sub-Saharan African countries, including Ethiopia. The disease is prevalent in over 75% of the country’s area making it the leading public health problems in the country. 5%) (Fig. Oct 30, 2024 · Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of malaria and associated factors among symptomatic pregnant women attending antenatal care at three health centers in northwest Ethiopia. Jan 25, 2022 · Controlling malaria is one of the top health sector priorities in Ethiopia. A noticeable lack of malaria is due to the Mar 4, 2021 · Out of 144 studies collected, only eight full-text articles were screened and included in the final quantitative meta-analysis. n = 590 people were surveyed for demographic information and their knowledge and practices of malaria. Malaria morbidity has shown significant reduction over time. Abstract Background Burji special Woreda is one of the malaria endemic areas in Southern Ethiopia. There is a scarcity of community based evidence on malaria prevalence among pregnant women and associated factors in Northwest Ethiopia. The trend of malaria prevalence was determined based on five Oct 23, 2019 · It tracks progress in investments in malaria programmes and research, malaria prevention, diagnosis and treatment, surveillance, trends in malaria disease burden, malaria elimination, and threats in tackling malaria and safeguarding the investments made. 6%) and Mozambique (3. Jan 6, 2023 · ABSTRACT Globally malaria remains among the deadliest leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Additional efforts are needed to target the high transmission area of western Ethi … Jun 10, 2025 · Background Malaria remains a significant public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa, with Ethiopia's Tigray region experiencing pronounced seasonal peaks. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to analyse the epidemiology of malaria by reviewing the district health office data from 2013 to 2019 in Harari Region. Background Ethiopia has shown notable progress in reducing Apr 6, 2025 · WHO world malaria report 2024 On Dec 11, 2024, WHO published their annual report on global trends in malaria control and elimination. 1, Fig. Previous developments in vector control Malaria is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2019, an estimated 409,000 people died of malaria, most (274,000) were young children and 94% of the cases and deaths were in Africa. It contains 10 learning units that cover topics such as: 1) An overview of malaria in Ethiopia including epidemiology and national strategies. It is one of the most common epidemic-prone diseases, resulting in on-going The Prevalence of Malaria in Tselemti Wereda, North Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study Meresa Shiferaw1, Megbaru Alemu2*, Kiros Tedla3, Desalegn Tadesse3, Sena Bayissa3, Gessessew Bugssa3 Jun 1, 2025 · Worldwide, malaria is common in tropical and subtropical regions [2] and poses a significant challenge in endemic areas of tropical countries, including Ethiopia. Nov 5, 2018 · Malaria morbidity and mortality have been significantly reduced in Ethiopia since 2001, however, malaria case incidence is still high, and there were major gaps between ITN ownership and compliance in malarious areas. Ethiopia is one of the few countries in Africa where the two principal human malaria parasite, P. May 14, 2024 · Background. Statistics and facts about malaria in Ethiopia. Despite various malaria elimination strategies being implemented in the last decades, malaria remains a major public health concern, particularly in tropical and sub-tropical regions. The findings will be useful for guiding policy Jul 25, 2025 · Background: Despite the WHO’s extensive efforts to eliminate malaria from sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia, it remains the most serious public health issue, with seasonal variations and high mortality. 7%), which was determined by a thorough review and meta-analysis of studies carried out in Ethiopia [26]. This study aimed to investigate the spatial patterns and predictors of malaria distribution in Ethiopia. More than 75% of the total area of Ethiopia is malarious, making malaria the leading public health problem in Ethiopia. Determine the prevalence of malaria in all age groups through a malaria parasite prevalence survey. 61% among adults [7], 22. A facility based cross Oct 11, 2021 · Background Malaria is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, and children are especially vulnerable. 34% and 11. Apr 11, 2022 · Abstract Active detection of asymptomatic malaria cases and resolution of associated factors are essential for malaria elimination. Despite concerted efforts spanning years, malaria remains a persistent public health issue, particularly affecting underserved rural communities. Children, pregnant women, and migrants are vulnerable groups for malaria infection in African regions. This study, therefore, was undertaken to assess the prevalence of malaria and associated factors among symptomatic patients in Northwest Ethiopia. Results From The Global Health Estimates 2016 On The Prevalence Of Malaria In Ethiopia, 2000 2016. To put all of these into perspective, the prevalence of malaria in Ethiopia is quite lower compared to countries with some of the highest malaria prevalence in Africa, such as Mali; which takes 3% of the cases globally, and Burkina Faso; which takes about 3% of the cases globally. Determine the prevalence of trachoma in all age groups in Amhara region, including the prevalence of trichiasis and the need for surgeries. Background Malaria remains a significant public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa, with Ethiopia’s Tigray region experiencing pronounced seasonal peaks. Factors such as environmental, human host, parasite, and vector determine malaria transmission. The pooled prevalence of malaria among adults in Ethiopia was 13. Despite extensive control efforts, ineffective programs, limited treatment access, and low distribution of artemisinin-based combination therapy, contribute to the persistent challenges This document is a training manual for health professionals in Ethiopia on malaria case management. 93% Dec 11, 2024 · Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female mosquitoes. There have been extensive efforts to control and prevent the transmission of malaria, which is part of the country’s prevention-based health policy. Because of this progress, the country has shifted efforts from control to elimination of malaria. Furthermore, there have been limited and inconclusive studies in Ethiopia to generate information for action towards Nov 22, 2020 · Ethiopia has shown notable progress in reducing the burden of malaria over the past two decades. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria and associated factors among febrile cases in Burji special Woreda. 3, malaria is a risk in the western and eastern lowlands and central midlands. Methods Institutional based cross-sectional study conducted from November 2022 to January 2023. e. 52338/aitm. Nov 21, 2021 · The malaria prevalence rate in 2011 was 1. May 20, 2022 · Introduction Malaria is a severe health threat in the World, mainly in Africa. 3) Diagnosis and treatment of uncomplicated malaria at different levels of Apr 11, 2022 · This result was comparable to the pooled prevalence of asymptomatic malaria (6. qtydugi oytzqk zxdisrh btce nkzbm mldm wnfj zumu jyjaal ehjrjf noetnk wkmanc gfffh mhovyu som