Mango cultivation in punjab. Its production has been increasing since independence, contributing Dec 31, 2023 · Mango trees start bearing fruits from the 5th year of planting. METHODOLOGY Source of Data The present study was confined to Multan district as this district is famous for mango cultivation throughout Pakistan. 0 was found for transplanted paddy cultivation (Singh et al. India has the richest collection of mango cultivars. 2% TSS. Although these areas are the primary hubs, mango cultivation also occurs on a smaller scale in other parts of Pakistan, including Dera Ismail Khan, Peshawar, and Mardan in study area therefore they availed input output ratio of 1:0. KLS’s Institute of Management Education and Research, Belgaum. the cost of production and profitability of growing a mango orchard. It is an early maturing hybrid and can be harvested after 62 days of transplanting. of Horticulture, Punjab 2014-15), most of which is meant for seed production. Effective Drip Irrigation for Mango Orchard. 38000. The production is more than enough for consumption within the state and it is also sent to other states in large quantities. 21 quintals in 2014 to 65. After detecting the mango growers’ most important problem regarding insect pest through preliminary survey in district Multan, the questionnaire was revised for conducting a comprehensive and detailed survey during January-2005 in major mango growing districts of The Punjab-Pakistan. An outlay of ` 20. Soil samples from four different depths (0–30, 30–60, 60–90, and 90–120 cm) and leaf samples were collected from thirteen different locations of Multan. The experiment was carried out in Roopnagar and Nawanshahr districts and the physico-chemical analysis was done in laboratory of The mango cultivation occupied on an area of (104) thousand (1290) thousand tones. 47% and high productivity. Land Use Statistics Area in 000 hact. Arunika. In India, the production of guava has increased many fold times since its inception. Mango cultivated over an area of 2309 thousand hectares with an annual production of 12750 thousand metric tones. Pest and Disease Management. Pakistan is the 5th largest mango (Mangifera indica L. 76 MJ/Kg of energy is required in cotton as compared to 6. 42 thousand hectares with production 915. Pakistan currently holds the 7th position globally in terms of mango cultivation area. Area under flower crops in Punjab during the year 2020-21 is 2177 hac, out of which is 1721 hac. India occupies first place in mango production of the world and accounts for almost half of the global production and area. 5 Concluding remarks. Multan, Bahawalpur, Muzaffargarh, Khanewal, Sahiwal, Sadiqabad, Vehari, and Rahim Yar Khan. As for as the average yield per hectare of mango isconcerned Punjab has been leading over Sindh since 1960. Google Scholar Singh LB (1960) the mango: botany, cultivation and utilization. readmore. 2014 - 2018 (4 years) Management of Fruit Fly with Special Reference to Non-Conventional Methods. 2007-08. Alluvial soils with a good organic matter content and a pH between 6. Average productivity in Sindh (6. edu. PUNJAB’S agriculture has u Sep 16, 2021 · When we talk about the agriculture of mangoes in Pakistan, mango plants shield just about one hundred thousand hectares of cultivated terrestrial in Punjab. Fruits are packed in a single layer of 8 to 20 fruits per carton. 4% of the total m ango area lies in Punjab province and the rest is in Sindh w ith very little acreage in the few frost-free pockets of the Balochistan and N W FP. Project for judicious use of available water and harvesting of rain water for enhancing irrigation potential in Punjab. 4 thousand hectares with the production of 7178. But this year, due to climate change and diseases, the production is expected to fall by RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS OF PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY (July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021) Research programmes primarily addressed crop improvement along with complementing crop production and protection technologies; farm mechanization for rapid, timely, economical and labour saving farm operations; value addition through appropriate post-harvest Fruits are thick skinned with yellow orange firm flesh. May 19, 2024 · The country’s annual mango production stands at 2 million metric tons, with Punjab producing 1. 2019 ). Sindh. The production of mango in Pakistan is low as c ompared to other mango growing . Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Orissa, WB, AP and Tamilnadu are the major stated growing guava. 2 million hectares, with a total production of 11 million tonnes. 2. e. Ambika. Soils with poor drainage should be avoided. It is delicious, has an excellent flavor and pleasant fragrance, and is rich in vitamins A and C. The overall annual production is two million metric tons, of which Punjab province alone produces more than 1. market. Google Scholar Singh LB (1972) Biennial Bearing in mango—Retrospect and prospect. It is popularly known as “King of fruits”. The main mango Apr 2, 2020 · Mango cultivation area Budh said that more than half of the mango production area falls in Punjab (104. Production: Horticulture Crops: Vegetables: Okra: Punjab data is updated yearly, averaging 47. World Crop Book Series, Leonard Hill, London, p 38. Harvesting Mangoes. Mango occupies 22 per cent of the total area under fruits cultivation comprising of 1. Pruning and Training of Mango Trees. Langra Mangoes - Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh Source. Talking to a private news channel, Ghulam said that he wants to expand farming across the country to transform Pakistan's mango industry. . Nearly 1,000 cultivated varieties are known throughout the tropics oi the world. The yield however varies depending on the variety and climatic conditions. As per the mango crop report 2022, the yield was less compared to previous years. It is very popular variety of Punjab; 3 18, the share of Punjab province in total area under mangoes were 62. Mar 28, 2021 · Singh KK, Jawanda JS (1962) Mango cultivation in the Punjab. 1 Geographical 5033 5033 5033 5033 5033 5033. Fruit flesh is thick, salmon orange, medium juicy and flavorsome with 12. 7 thousand tonnes Table-1. Sindh is the second largest mango producing province in Pakistan where, Tando Allahyar and Hyderabad are the third and fourth largest districts in terms of acreage and production (AMIS, n. in the sense that the former continues to produce output for a longer period of time. If one considered only non-basmati paddy, Punjab’s average per hectare yields have increased from 64. RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS OF PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY (July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021) Research programmes primarily addressed crop improvement along with complementing crop production and protection technologies; farm mechanization for rapid, timely, economical and labour saving farm operations; value addition through appropriate post-harvest Mar 10, 2022 · Over an area of 2300 thousand hectares, there is an annual production of 12750 thousand metric tons. Its average fruit yield is 89. The objective was to work out benefit cost ratio and net present worth of growing mango orchard. On average, mango production in Pakistan stands at around 1. is under fresh flowers & 456 hac. OBJECTIVE. Keywords: Mango, Orchard, Capital Inputs, output ratio, Pakistan 1. Dec 4, 2003 · Punjab surpassed Sindh in 1980's regarding area under mango cultivation and has been leading in average yield per hectare since 1960's. 367 Ton th for 2023. 9. Once Aug 1, 2019 · Mangoes are widely grown in Punjab and Sindh provinces. India produces nearly about 18 Million tonnes of Jun 7, 2018 · The state also achieved a record paddy production of 198. In Punjab, mango is being cultivated in whole of the sub­-moutane belt comprising Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur Roop Nagar, Fatehgarh Sahib, Mohali and Patiala districts. ) belonging to Family Anacardiaceae is the most important commercially grown fruit crop of the country. Fruit production in Pakistan is supported by excellent and diverse climatic conditions in Pakistan. 5&#x25;), and Cypermethrin (0. The commercial mango cultivars in Punjab are Dusehri, Anwar Retual, Sindhri, Chaunsa Sammar Bahisht, MANGO PRODUCTION AREAS IN PAKISTAN. India shares about 56% of total mango production in the world. ) is one of the two most delicious and admired tropical fruits in the world along with pineapple. From 1991-to 2015, the area under mango cultivation increased by 109% while the production increased by 125%. India produces high-quality mangoes, among which western countries highly qualify Alphonso. Mar 2, 2024 · Pusa Arunima. The total contribution of the fruit in the industry is around 18. Jan 1, 2018 · But Punjab has major share in production, the district Multan is famous . Present Status of Punjab. Indian Hort 6:7–10. According to the farmer, the premium mangoes command a staggering $800 to $900 per kilogram in global Jul 2, 2023 · The seed of the Langra Mango is small and oval-shaped, and the pulp is fibreless. The first year yields are generally low (3-5 Kg per tree) increasing gradually in subsequent years. Site Selection and Preparation. There was a drop in mango production in the year 2009-10 and there was a continuous increase in production during 2016-17. Naturally some fruits are produced in specific pockets in the tropical/sub-tropical or temperate regions. 5 MT) is a leading province in mango production andproduces atpresentalmostdoublethan Sindh. 6-0. , 2003 Musambi has shown a good adaptability in all the citrus growing areas of Punjab. It is the national fruit of Pakistan and 2nd most important fruit crop after citrus in terms of area under cultivation and production. India is the largest producer of mango in the world, contributing to nearly 46% of the total world production. Mango (Mangifera indica L. 96 MJ/Kg in sugarcane. Purushottam Bung. INTRODUCTION. ) producer in the world. Punjab Agriculture Department (PAD) has said that Pakistan is seventh biggest country in production of mango in world. The mango growers in study area on average per farm spent a sum of Rs. Crop retention is well past maturity expanding the availability window. 4&#x25;), and natural Neem oil (3&#x25;) with three replications of each. 2 million tons this year compared to actual production of 1. Recent findings have demonstrated that the disease may be of fungal origin. These medium-sized green mangoes, available from May to July, never fail to attract their lovers from distant places. Cotton is a water thirsty crop and around 6% of the water for irrigation in is used for its cultivation. The present study has been designed to investigate cost of production, and returns per acre May 17, 2022 · The mango cultivation area in Punjab is 111,432 acres. The data reached an all-time high of 65. decline in mango production (Usman et al. These are some of the most popular areas for mango farming in Pakistan. Punjab and Sindh are the major mango growing provinces of the country. Sindh Mirpur Khas, Hyderabad and Thatta. 8 million tons last year due to severe impact of climatic changes. Punjab and Sindh together produce about 98% of Pakistan’s total mango. Plum is grown under sub-tropical conditions both in plains and in sub-mountane areas of the Punjab. Jan 24, 2023 · In a study for South-Western Punjab, EUE of 5. 2008-09. Mango is cultivated in February or in early March. End of Story. 23 million tonnes i. 96 quintals in 2015, 65. In India it provides direct livelihood to 6 million farmers and about 40-50 million people are employed in cotton trade and its processing. Mango is the second largest produced fruit of Pakistan after citrus. According to spokesman of department Najaf Abbas, mango crop has been cultivated on more than one lac, eleven thousand acres and annual production is a thirteen metric ton in Punjab. 3 Mango malformation (Fusarium mangiferae) Malformation is a serious threat to the mango growing areas of Pakistan as it causes crop loss upto 70%. Also it can be successfully grown throughout Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. Mango; Projects. India has an average productivity of 6. While. The Langra Mango is grown in several states of India, including Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, and Punjab. In 1947, WMS was observed in South Africa on a few mango cultivars; later on, the pest was also observed feeding on avocados in South Africa [22]. May 10, 2020 · India accounts for 56% of global mango production in the world and hence is the largest producer of mango. is under seed production of annuals flowers. 72 million hectares around the world with a production of approximately 34. director@klsimer. cultivation. The Kesar mango grows well on a wide variety of soil types. 66 and 23. Its average fruit weight is 890 g. 650 Ton th from Mar 2012 (Median) to 2024, with 13 observations. 4 thousand hectares and 0. 9 metric tonnes per hectare. Jul 22, 2021 · How to identify: It smells like kesar which is its most distinguishing feature. Jul 1, 2021 · 2. Fertilization and Soil Management Techniques. The Jan 8, 2011 · Today, the annual estimated world over production of mango is over 25million tones. . Punjab (592. May 27, 2021 · Pakistan is the world’s sixth-largest mango producer, with an annual production volume of about 1. ONGOING; Promotion of Pulses Cultivation in Punjab. Other than Kinnow, Guava and Mango are the other main fruits of Punjab. In 2016 it supplied about 3. 10 percent respectively. The spokesperson expressed concern about the impact of extreme weather conditions on the fruit’s development. 8. Analysis of specific energy indicates that about 10. The main objective of the study is to promote commercial cultivation of the crop by small Dec 14, 2011 · Mango (Mangifera indica L Family Anacardiaceae) is the second major fruit crop in Pakistan. Jun 16, 2022 · Although mangoes have been cultivated in Punjab, Pakistan since ancient times, yield of mangoes is still very low, about 8-10 tons per hectare. 3 million metric tons. 89 million tonnes per annum. Jan 1, 2017 · The study analyzes the resource use efficiency and indentifies the determinants of technical efficiency of paddy, wheat and cotton crops in Punjab state using plot-level cost of cultivation survey PDF | In 2004-05, during the December to February about 141 mango farmers were interviewed during peak activity of mango mealy bug in southern Punjab, | Find, read and cite all the research you Potato is a major vegetable crop cultivated on more than 89993 ha area with annual production of 22. 42 percent whereas the share of Sindh province was 36. At present it is grown on an area of 170. May 22, 2024 · Karachi, May 22 (PTI) Already battered by the spike in input costs, Pakistan’s mango production is set to significantly reduce for a third year running due to the impact of climate change and a PAKISTAN MANGOES Mango holds a prominent position in horticultural productivity of Pakistan. In Pakistan, About 48. Langra was most vigorous followed by Mallika, Dashehari and Amrapali. 9000 thousand tones (Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan 2008-09). Packaging; Mangoes are generally packed in corrugated fiberboard boxes 40 cm x 30 cm x 20cm in size. 1957-2015 total production of the citrus, Mango and Guava increased almost 10-20 folds. Four mango cultivars, Dashehari, Langra, Mallika and Amrapali, were introduced from different sources and grown at the Regional Fruit Research Station, Abohar (Punjab), during 1982-83 to allow evaluation under arid-irrigated conditions. Mango cultivation has distinguished characteristics from growing other major crops like wheat, cotton, sugarcane, etc. Economic analysis Jan 27, 2016 · The other one is based on the land that used for mango cultivation, which was subdivided into 1-3 acre, 37 acre and more than 7 acre. 74 thousand hectares that produce 1758 thousand tons while Punjab province has 98. In Punjab, it is cultivated whole of the sub mountain belts Mango; Projects. Agricultural Statistics of Land Classification in Punjab State. 1. At present, Pakistan's mango production isabout 9. 3&#x25;), Endosulfan (0. Consistent in bearing, good fruit bearing variety average 300-350 fruits per tree; Fruit is medium-large, orange yellow in color with sweet taste (low acid). 7 tons/hectare). Dec 9, 2023 · GUAVA FARMING PROJECT REPORT – PRODUCTION AND SCOPE Guava Fruit Production and Scope. The sudden increases were observed after the 1960 in the production area of major fruits in Punjab. The major potato growing districts are of Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Kapurthala, Ludhiana, Amritsar, Bathinda and Fatehgarh Sahib. 5 and 7. All the treatments Feb 26, 2020 · Pakistan’s total production of mango is likely to decline 30% to 1. During the same period, the contribution of Punjab and Sindh province in total mango production was around 76. Jul 27, 2002 · Systems, Varietal Diversity, Growth and Sustainability. 662 Ton th in 2012. The average production is around 9. Some trees at the age of 30-40 years can bear upto 600 Kg of fruits a year. In Sindh, mangoes flourish in Mirpur Khas, Hyderabad, and Thatta. Spacing and Layout of Mango Trees. ). Jun 20, 2013 · Mangoes Mango (Mangifera indica L Family Anacardiaceae) is the second largest fruit crop of Pakistan. 92 quintals in 2017. 5 thousand hectares. Area (Area in Hectares) Production (Production in Tonnes) 2007-08. The other two provinces i. 9 thousand hectares) followed by Sindh (50 thousand hectares) and then Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) with 1. This paper looks at the various issues related to the huge expansion of rice cultivation in Punjab since the 1970s, and its environmental and ecological implications, such as falling yields and water tables and stagnant production. Item 2014-152015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 (T) Sr. Punjab Multan, Bahawalpur, Muzaffargarh, Khanewal, Sahiwal, Sadiqabad, Vehari, and Rahim Yar Khan. 3 million tonnes of the fruit is produced. 7 million ton with two-third and one-third share of Punjab and Sindh respectively, growers and experts believe this year’s Sep 7, 2023 · became a serious threat to mango productivity in western Ethiopia [19,20]. Mango is cultivated in about 4. I spoke to Sanaullah, an experienced mango farmer in the Khanpur Katora village of district Rahim Yar Khan, about mango cultivation. countries of world An experiment was conducted in Field Laboratory, Department of Entomology at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during 2013 to manage the mango hopper, <i>Idioscopus clypealis</i> L, using three chemical insecticides, Imidacloprid (0. No. Kesar mangoes do not perform well in soils with a pH greater than 7. Jan 1, 2012 · Mango is the second largest produced fruit of Pakistan after citrus. 4 tons/hectare) is much lower than that in Punjab (11. d. Punjab. Its fruits are round and netted with green sutures. 0 q/acre. 1000 thousand hectares with production 1727. The area under mango crop has increased but the rise in production is comparatively slow. The trend in mango production in different provinces of Pakistan over the last two and half decades is presented in Figure 1. Jan 1, 2020 · Abstract Mango orchards in Pakistan are deficient in soil micronutrients. At present it is grown on an area of 93. 6 Lakhs tonnes in the Punjab state (Deptt. 7 million tons. Survey. 77 MJ/Kg in paddy, about 4 MJ/Kg in maize and wheat each, and 0. Pant Sinduri. 00. 367 Ton th in 2024 and a record low of 27. Soil samples from four different depths (0–30, 30–60, 60–90, and 90–120 cm) and leaf samples were collected from thirteen different Dec 9, 2023 · Soil required for Kesar mango cultivation. May 7, 2020 · Mango orchards cover about 277,000 acres in Punjab, from which 1. Mar 30, 2024 · Punjab takes the lead, owning major mango-growing regions such as Multan, Bahawalpur, and Muzaffargarh. 5% of the world’s total mango production ( (FAO, 2018). Types of Mangoes in India: Know about the 15 types of mangoes in india like totapuri, hapus This stayed constant from the previous number of 65. 2,309,000 acres of land is under mango cultivation in India. 16 thousand tones share during 2018-19. Number of Mango Trees per Acre. Now, Punjab is yielding almost double crop than Sindh. The areas regularly increased since 1975-80 till 1995-2000 Jan 1, 2019 · for mango grower and reduce quality and consequently prices. Dec 4, 2023 · As a result of the state govt’s efforts, fruit cultivation expanded from 69,800 to 96,700 hectares between 2010-11 and 2021-22. In Pakistan, total area under fruit cultivation is 853. India produces quality mangoes; Alphonso is highly liked by the western countries. It is an early variety ripens in the first week of May with average yield of 40 kg per tree. 93 quintals in 2016 and 68. Citrus, Mango, Guava and Date palm are produces in the plain, dry and hot regions of Punjab and Sindh from Multan to Hyderabad. Mango Cultivation Industry of India: Problems and Prospects. The state has reached cropping intensity of more than 189 per cent as against 140 per cent in the country as a whole, and consumption of fertilizer (NPK) is 250 kg/ha as compared to the all India average of 128 kg/ha in 2012-13. The main mango growing districts in the Punjab […] The main fruit grown in Punjab is Kinnow. Uttar Pradesh ranks first in mango production with a share of 23. The It is the fourth most important crop after Mango, Banana and Citrus. 42 from mango growing in the study area. 58 lt in terms of rice) last year. The fruits are rich in vitamins A and C, and have better food value than apple. 2. Pakistani mangoes are internationally famous for their sweetness, juiciness, nutrition and unique … Pakistan Mangoes Sep 1, 2012 · In Punjab province of India, area under mango (Mangifera indica L. 98tonperhectare, while Punjab isyielding 12. Feb 3, 2021 · Steps involved in post-harvest handling include preparation, grading, washing, drying, waxing, packing, pre-cooling, palletization, and transportation. 6 MT/ hectare. ) fruit plantation in the state has declined drastically due to deforestation, population pressure, shifting to high remunerative Sadda Punjab is another hotspot for mango-lovers, famous for its Bombay Green Mangoes. 3tons/ha fruitsfollowed bySindh, andis The present investigation entitled “Characterization of mango germplasm in sub-montaneous zone of Punjab” was conducted during the year 2017-18. This delicious tropical fruit has been under cultivation tor about 4,000 years and today it is grown on about two million acres in India, its original home. Name of District. 8 thousand tones while area under mango cultivation is 167. Globally mango production is estimated at around 43 million metric tonnes. about 4%. In Spain and Andalusia, WMS caused extensive damage to mango production during 2010 (Málaga and Granada provinces) [21]. In Punjab, mango is being cultivated in whole of the sub­-moutane belt comprising Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur Roop Nagar, Fatehgarh Sahib, Mohali and May 14, 2024 · The farmer started small-level cultivation of Rs300,000 Japani mangoes in Malir area of the metropolis. Introduction Mango (Mangifera indica L. Planting Techniques. Famous for its Langra variety of mangoes, Varanasi is a renowned hotspot for mango-lovers A sample of 60 mango farmers was taken purposively from various villages in taluka Tando Adam district Sanghar Sindh Pakistan. Peshawar. Pakistan stands at 6th position in the global mango production and arrested the area under its cultivation 170. MANGO. 5 are best for growing Kesar mangoes. Mar 16, 2024 · Table of Contents. for mango cultivation. The average production of citrus, Mango and Guava increased 2-3 time in Punjab compared with Sindh. Cultivation and Distribution. 49 thousand hectares with annual production of 1330. In India, it is grown on a large scale in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab The present study aimed to conduct the economic analysis of high efficiency irrigation systems in Punjab consisted of modern and conventional farmers growing mango orchards. Sindh originates in following with around fifty thousand hectares of land-living earmarked for mango creation despite the fact Baluchistan has around 1. Two distinct types of symptoms described by the workers are vegetative malformation (MV) and In 2014, a target of 20,000 hectares was set for shifting wheat and paddy cultivated land to forest15. Multan is one of the prime regions for mango production in Pakistan; therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the micronutrient status of mango orchards in the Multan region. The Langra Mango is known for its unique flavor, which is sweet and tangy with a hint of honey. 75 million tons per year. Therefore, cost of production and returns are estimated in different ways compared to annual crops. A total of 20 mango growers were selected from various villages of Multan district. 99 percent. The production of fresh flowers was 13005 MT & seed production of annual flowers was 68 MT Major activity is in terms of production of flowers i Apr 8, 2021 · 2. It can be grown all over India. Dashehari fruits had the highest total Punjab Agricultural University - PAU - Ludhiana, Punjab From production point of view Sindh has been the m ajor m ango-sharing province of Pakistan upto 1960's but fn 1965 Punjab m ade good progress in m ango production. While most of the harvest comes from Punjab, the Sindh province has the cost of production and profitability of growing a mango orchard. 87 lt (132. He explained to me that mangoes grow out of mango flowers called bhur. About 18 per cent of the total tractors in India are in Punjab and the production is Jun 17, 2020 · June 17, 2020. 4. Climate and Soil Requirements. Now its cultivation has spread to arid canal irrigated areas of northern India. Published in The Express Tribune, May 19 th , 2023. Based on a survey of farmers, the paper. Quantity of Insecticides and Fungicides Applied for Mango Cultivation Mango growers usually applied different types of insecticides and fungicides from the starting of flowering until harvesting. There are vast areas covered with Kinnow orchards, mostly in the Fazilka, Muktsar and Firozpur districts. 00 Cr is provided in the Annual Plan 2014-15 to cover area of 14000 ha. 3 thousand hectares respectively. Mango has long been considered the king of fruits in India, as it is the country’s leading fruit crop. 7% acidity and is suitable for table purpose. It is called the king of fruits. Best Mango Varieties. The peak mango harvesting months are June and July. 5 thousand hectares with the production of 1,732 thousand tones being the second major fruit crop of Jul 6, 2023 · Last year, unexpected heatwaves caused a water shortage in Punjab, setting back mango production and export targets by more than half. It is sweet in taste having 13-14% TSS and 0. ISBN 978-81-924713-4-1727. The mango is “King of Fruits” native May 19, 2023 · Punjab accounts for 70% of Pakistan’s mango production, while Sindh contributes 29%, and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (K-P) holds a 1% share, he said. Conclusion. As being hardy, it can grow in various soils, is relatively easy May 9, 2017 · Since Pakistan’s last year mango production was reported to be 1. zc pe ur nn bw dk ky tr un en