Tomato canning equipment. Gather all your Supplies the Night Before; 2.
- Tomato canning equipment 99 Whether you need to can, process, or freeze vegetables, or fruit we carry the equipment and home canning supplies you need. Canning Ingredients Sort by Most Popular. On average, the cost to start a tomato canning company can range from $50,000 to $150,000 depending on various factors such as equipment, permits, and initial inventory. Jul 27, 2023 · If you want to use a hot packing method check out canning tomato sauce. Whether filled with food or not, you’ll need a place to keep them clean and safe. Consiglio's Kitchenware is Canada's #1 source for tomato canning equipment since 1975. (706) 549-1914 E-MAIL NOW QUOTE REQUEST STORE About May 15, 2024 · In order to avoid harmful toxins and bacteria from entering your processed jars, it is important to make sure they are being stored properly. Makes 5 pt. 99 $ 31 . 5 qt. Step 1: Prepare Canning Gear; Step 2: Prepare Tomatoes for Juicing; How to Keep Tomato Juice From Separating. Jul 23, 2024 · The equipment and supplies needed for canning tomatoes are basic to every canning process. Lemon Juice or ¼ tsp. Tomatoes: About 3 pounds per quart jar; a total of 21 lbs. Equipment for canning tomato juice: Sep 13, 2024 · What equipment do I need for canning my own crushed tomatoes? You’ll need jars, lids, rings, a water bath canner, a jar lifter, and a canning funnel. Mar 27, 2024 · Equipment Required For Canning Tomato Juice. Muskego, WI 53150 (262) 465-2054. Whether you’re a beginner eager to try your hand at preservation or an experienced home canner looking for an alternative approach, this step-by-step guide will walk you through the process of canning tomatoes safely and efficiently using a water bath. Best all-Around Canning Supply Kit: Leonice 35-Piece Starter Canning Kit; Best Budget Canning Kit: Norpro Canning Essentials Boxed Set; Best Canning Pot: Granite Ware Aug 30, 2023 · Equipment for Canning Tomatoes. Choose disease-free, firm tomatoes at their peak of ripeness for canning. Here are some of the most helpful tools you can use when making delicious tomato juice for canning: Best Electric Tomato Juicer; Knife; Some fresh tomatoes; Large Bowls For Cutting Oct 10, 2022 · Beginner’s Guide to Canning Tomatoes. Then, he slashes a quick x onto the bottom of the tomatoes before blanching them — that means putting them in hot water for around 30 seconds to loosen up the skin for peeling. . With your equipment ready and the right tomatoes on hand, you can begin the canning process. Aug 5, 2024 · What canning supplies you need when canning tomatoes: canning jars, canning lids and rings, funnel, tongs, jar wrench Apr 17, 2023 · A list of canning equipment you absolutely must have…and some that aren’t required but very very handy! From must-have essentials to optional but highly recommended supplies, utensils and canning tools. Choosing the right variety of tomatoes is crucial for achieving optimal flavor and texture. Add Lemon Juice or Citric Acid – For quart jars, add 2 tablespoons of bottled lemon juice or 1/2 teaspoon of citric acid to each jar. Sep 12, 2012 · I use half pints and 4oz jars for canning jams and jellies; pint jars for things like salsa and pie filling; and a mixture of pints and quarts for things like canned fruit and tomatoes. offering commercial, industrial canning equipment to various industries across USA. Canning Lids and Bands. Jul 12, 2024 · Equipment Needed for Canning Tomato Basil Soup Canning Jars. Wash in hot, soapy water and rinse well. Use this basic canned tomato recipe as a foundation for all your canned tomato variations! Why Use this Tomato Canning Method. Sep 8, 2021 · Home canning requires a certain amount of equipment. Canning Tomatoes: Expert Tips and Step by Step Directions . Tomato Strainer for canning, Tomato Press Manual Tomato Juicer Sauce Maker, food mill for tomato sauce $31. By combining proven, time-tested approaches with new, cutting-edge technologies, our tomato processing equipment is capable of transforming your production line. If using pint jars add 1 tbsp of bottled lemon juice or ¼ tsp of Citric Acid to the jar. Visually examine jars, lids and bands for defects. Our range of high-tech evaporators, fillers, and system controllers are designed to maximize operating efficiency, improve end-product quality, minimize downtime, and reduce capital Sep 26, 2023 · Types of Commercial Canning Machine. Home canning equipment topics W195 S6460 Racine Avenue. Aim for uniform pieces. Learn essential tips for preparation, sterilization, and storage, making this Tomato dices in Tomato pulp/ puree are gaining high value due to the changing consumer needs. 00 May 20, 2023 · What Canning Equipment Works & What Doesn’t? Get information here. Hot Pack; Canning Tomatoes Using Their Own Juice; Preparing Tomatoes For Canning; Blanching Tomatoes to Easily Remove the Skin; Freezing Tomatoes Before Canning; How to Can Tomatoes: Step By Step; Boiling Canning Tools & Equipment. 3. If you don’t have a water bath canner, you can use a large pot deep enough to cover the jars with one to two inches of water. Procedure. Oct 17, 2024 · Preparing to Can Tomatoes. Follow our step-by-step recipe for canning your own stewed tomatoes, ensuring delicious meals for months. 5-quart pot holds 7-quart size jars. Jul 1, 2024 · If you want to can beef stew, creamed corn, and other low-acid foods, invest in a pressure canner. Nov 15, 2022 · How to prep tomatoes for canning. Basic Canning Supplies Needed: Ingredients To Can Tomatoes; How to Can Tomatoes Properly. 2. Here are five tomato canning supplies to preserve sauce longer so you can enjoy your homegrown tomatoes all year long. Selecting and preparing equipment. Here at Berry Hill, we want our customers to have premium, high quality goods at prices they can afford. Leadworld Industrial tinned tomatoes canned food canning production line sauce machine tomato concentrate production line $ 10,000 . Sep 1, 2024 · In the world of canning jam is the first thing people usually try to preserve. Jan 3, 2023 · Chef Billy Parisi follows his Italian grandmother's recipe. In the realm of canning, precision is paramount, and the can filling machine is the Consiglio's specializes in tomato and vegetable canning equipment. Fill the mason jars with hot tomatoes Before adding tomato sauce to the jar add bottled lemon juice or citric acid to the jar. 00 - 450. In continuous retorts, the cans are fed through an air lock, then rotated through the pressurized heating chamber, and subsequently cooled through a second section of the retort in a separate cold-water cooler. 99 in USA. Everything you need in one kit! Storing home canning jars takes up a lot of room. Most lids and jars will keep food shelf stable for at least 12 to 18 months when stored properly, but it is always best to follow manufacturer recommended guidelines. Aug 23, 2021 · Canning Supplies Starter Kit | Canning For Beginners | Canning Kit | Canning Supplies Jar Wrench, Debubbler For Canning, Jar Lifter, Canning Tongs, Lid Lifter, Canning Funnel, Canning Labels 41 $22. American made canning funnels, jar ladles Nov 20, 2024 · There are a few different methods of canning, but the tomato canning supplies generally remain the same. After processing, when using a water bath canner, turn off the heat and leave the jars in the hot water for 5 minutes. Shop our imported canning & preserving equipment for sauces, purees, oils and more! Fabio Leonardi tomato machines, Sansone canisters and All-American pressure canners to name a few. 6 (159) Item # 123344099. Same Day Delivery. Before you start canning, gather a few necessary tools and ingredients. 00 - 28,999 . A water bath canner is nothing more than a large pot that holds seven quart-size jars under water. Contact Dixie Canner Co. To remove skins: Dip in boiling water for 30 to 60 seconds or until skins split, then dip in cold water; skins should slide off easily. I always recommend books from Ball® but you can choose your own adventure when it comes to the specific canning recipe. Brings lots of patience and have a couple of days to get this project complete. Follow the processing instructions included with each recipe. This prevents a sudden change in temperature which can lead to liquid bubbling out of the jars even though they are sealed (this is called siphoning). A few pieces of essential equipment make canning at home easy, whether you're preserving 2 pounds of tomatoes or a whole lot more. 99 FREE delivery Wed, Jan 29 on $35 of items shipped by Amazon Equipment & Tools. Equipment Needed Before starting your stewed tomato canning project, always ensure you have the following supplies. Canning equipment (see Home canning basics). Several operations are time-sensitive for safety and efficiency. Ready to eat in 24 hrs after preparation. Water Bath Canner and Rack. Sep 7, 2023 · How to Can Tomatoes Without a Pressure Cooker Step-by-Step. per quart. Jul 31, 2020 · Equipment You Need for Canning Tomatoes. Once blanched, the skins should slip right off. Canning Kits 7 PCS, Canning Supplies Boxed Set, Stainless Steel Set, Jar Lifter, Folding Rack, Tongs, Complete Multifunctional Canning Tools, Canning kit includes wide mouth funnel for jars 165 4. Canning jars are a crucial component of the canning process. It can be expensive in your first year of canning as you acquire the basics. Selecting the Correct Tomatoes. Oct 8, 2024 · Hot Pack Canning Tomato Soup, Step-by-Step. Aug 28, 2022 · The complete directory of made in the USA canning utensils, supplies, & equipment. Do I need to peel tomatoes before canning them? Peeling gives a smoother texture to crushed tomatoes, but it isn’t mandatory. When it comes to canning tomatoes, water bath canning is often considered the easiest method for preserving them for the pantry. Set up hot water bath canner; jars should be fully covered. for 7 jars OR a total of 14 lbs. A jar rack is needed to keep the glass mason jars off the bottom of the pot and allow hot water to circulate around the jars. Granite Ware 21. Canning tomatoes in a pressure cooker requires specific steps to ensure the process is effective and safe. To begin canning tomato juice, it’s essential to have the right equipment and ingredients. One of the first decisions you’ll need to make is whether to use a pressure canner or a water bath canner. Step 1: Prepare the Tomatoes Sep 13, 2024 · What equipment do I need for canning my own crushed tomatoes? You’ll need jars, lids, rings, a water bath canner, a jar lifter, and a canning funnel. Place the jars in a boiling-water canner. Each component is designed for a specific task, ensuring every step of the canning process, from filling to sealing, is executed with precision. Mar 15, 2024 · Continue with the stewed tomato canning recipe. 165 reviews Consiglio's USA supplies brand name European and Italian kitchenware, Tomato Machines, Pasta Makers and Specialty Food Prep. May 5, 2020 · Tomato Sauce; Tomato Soup; Canning Supplies List for Beginners. Wash and remove any stems before blanching. This includes a large pot for extracting the juice, a strainer or food mill to remove seeds and solids, glass jars with lids and bands for canning, and a pressure canner or water bath canner for the heat-processing step. Home canning equipment topics Several pounds of frozen and thawed tomatoes; A good recipe to use for canning the tomatoes. There are a few specific details you need to pay attention to, but the process itself isn’t complicated. com, find canning jars, freezing supplies and many other accessories for savoring your culinary creations. Get the Pots Ready on the Stove; 3. W195 S6460 Racine Avenue. , and also converts tomatoes into fine pulp for producing ketchup, sauce, etc. 7. Presto's sturdy 23-quart model holds 20 pint-sized or seven quart-sized jars, making it ideal for large batches. You’ll need a water bath canner for high-acid foods like fruits, acidified tomatoes, and pickles. 107 items Take that same care when it comes to packaging and storing foods. Pressure canner or water bath canner depending on the method you want to use. Add Salt and Citric Acid or bottled Lemon Juice. Brand Price Primary Color Primary Material All filters. Learn how to can sliced green tomatoes with this water bath canning recipe. Jun 19, 2024 · Step 4: Prepare the Canning Equipment . Start with Clean Jars Nov 12, 2024 · – Variety: Roma tomatoes are commonly used for canning due to their lower moisture content and robust flavor. Aug 12, 2023 · Methods for Canning Tomatoes. Step 3: Juicing Tomatoes for Canning; Step 4: Filling Jars Summary - Cost of Making Homemade Canned Tomatoes - makes 7 quart jars, 32 oz each* Item: Quantity: Cost in 2025: Source: Subtotal: Tomatoes: 20 - 25 lbs (to make about 16 cups of prepared tomato) Tomato canning accessories like large boiling pots, burners and canning funnels. A 21. There are two methods for canning tomatoes: water bath canning and pressure canning. for 9 pint jars. Canning Supplies Starter Kit, Home Canning Kit Tools Set for 37PCS Kitchen, Durable and Comfortable Material, Non-Slip and Easy to Control When in Use, A Good Set of Canning Accessories Equipment. Water Bath Canning Ingredients: Tomatoes; 1 Tbsp. For the salt, use ½ tsp. for 7x 1-quart jars. In addition to the few essential items, I also included tons of helpful things that aren’t required, but will make things easier. per pint and 1 tsp. Water Bath Canning. Citric Acid (per pint) Canning Salt; Boiling Water; Water bath canning is a safe and easy way to preserve high-acid foods like tomatoes. Once you’ve got everything in hand, begin. Oct 3, 2022 · I’m wondering why you didn’t have the 32 ounce jars listed. These jars come in various sizes, ranging from small to large, allowing you to choose the perfect size for your needs. Jar bands are ring-shaped and are used to screw the canning lid tightly in place while canning. Use this mix, containing just the right spices with fresh or canned tomatoes or tomato paste, for a spectacular sauce. Dixie Canner Co. Quarter 6 tomatoes and place in a large stainless steel saucepan or electric roaster. Let’s look at the pros and cons of each method. Food strainer with a 1-pc redesigned hopper that will not leak! Clamp-on base comes with stainless steel standard screen, standard spiral, gasket, poly-hopper, waste funnel, and squirt guard. The realm of canning equipment is extensive and varied. Order your canning accessories, pots and burners with free shipping over $69. water bath canner; water bath canner recommended for glass cooktops* jar lifter; lid wand; bubble popper; Aug 31, 2024 · Tomatoes are the essence of summer, bursting with flavor and nutrients that are perfect for everything from sauces to soups. Essential Food Canning Equipment Aug 4, 2023 · Best Canning Supplies. 6 out of 5 Stars. 6. Verify the quality and reliability of a packaging machine supplier in China by assessing their production facilities, certifications, customer reviews, and service responsiveness. Jul 23, 2024 · Basics of Canning Tomatoes. Fill clean canning jars with tomato juice- a wide funnel makes this super easy. Sep 20, 2019 · Canning - Download as a PDF or view online for free. Steps to Pressure Can Tomatoes Successfully. Bottled lemon juice: 2 tablespoons per quart jar. Get 'em Boiling on the Stove; How to Fill the Canning Jars. Freezing, canning and sealing allows the whole family to join-in on this fun activity when it’s time to harvest and store your edibles. From Ball Canning Jars and Ball Canning Supplies to Pectin, Pickling Supplies, and Tomato Sauce Mixes to specialty items such as Fruit Peelers and Pea Shellers, we offer a wide range of canning supplies and equipment. Self-Sufficient Living, Home Canning, Hand Crank Food Processor-Strainer! It is the original and the most popular food strainer ever invented. OR Citric acid: 1/2 teaspoon per quart jar. Canning lids are a thin metal lid with a rubber seal that goes on top of the jar and ends up sealing the jars once canned. Remove the Jars . provides can seamers, retorts, commercial canning equipment to the food & beverage, industrial, pharmaceutical industries across USA. Start Prepping Tomatoes! 4. At TrueValue. Investing in the right tomato processing and canning equipment is a critical startup cost for a successful tomato canning business like Fresh Harvest Tomato Canning Co. If you've ever canned tomatoes before, you know the process has quite a few steps. Wash the Equipment: While the tomato sauce is cooking, wash the jars, lids, bands, and canning tools in warm, soapy water. Sep 26, 2023 · Dice the Tomatoes: Use a sharp knife to dice the peeled tomatoes into your preferred size for canning diced tomatoes. Top selling brand of the fast growing tomato sauce mix category of the home canning market. Apr 12, 2023 · Because most tomato canning recipes are acidified, it is completely safe to water bath the jars. Blanch tomatoes first to make peeling easier. Mar 8, 2024 · Tomatoes: Around 3 ¼ pounds per quart jar; a total of 23 lbs. When selecting tomatoes for canning, consider the following: Nov 4, 2024 · Canning green tomatoes slices for frying is a great way to enjoy this Southern classic all year. Only 8 left in stock - order soon. At 79 and admittedly unable to do any canning now, I find my 32 oz wide mouth canning jars indispensable in my household, I now dehydrate rather than actual canning & I find that the 16 & 32 oz wide mouth jars are as well used, even in this 1 person household, as they were when I was canning regularly. 35 items in Canning Tools & Equipment. Order: 1 set Oct 25, 2024 · So, gather your supplies, prepare your tomatoes, and embark on a canning adventure that will preserve the vibrant flavors of your harvest for months to come! Happy canning! What types of tomatoes are best for canning? The best types of tomatoes for canning are generally meatier varieties, such as Roma or San Marzano tomatoes. Follow these steps carefully. But as the season changes and the fresh supply dwindles, canning tomatoes is an excellent way to enjoy this delicious fruit year-round. Mixing bowls (having multiples could be handy) A hardwood cutting board is a preference. Take the time to review every step in the following guideline by line and, if needed, rehearse if necessary. This device uses ultra-high heat and pressure to safely seal jars. Home-canned crushed tomatoes are easy to make! This crushed tomato canning recipe & instructions make 6 quarts or 12 pint jars. Our Tomato Canning Equipment Price offers exceptional quality within the Multi-Function Packing Machine category. Gather all your Supplies the Night Before; 2. Nov 22, 2024 · Typical equipment for a small-scale tomato canning operation may include a tomato washer, peeling machine, canning line, sterilizer, labeler, and palletizer, with an estimated investment of $150,000 to $300,000. Assemble all equipment and utensils. A Canning Kit may just be the best route to go if you are needing to purchase most of your equipment. Mix water with 2 tsp white vinegar to descale and remove particles. 99 $ 22 . Step 1: sterilize canning equipment and utensils, inspect canner. Rinse thoroughly and set aside to air dry on a clean kitchen towel. Discover GX Canning Machines, your trusted commercial canning equipment supplier. The size and design of the juicer should align with the canning jars and other equipment to ensure a smooth canning process. Jan 6, 2021 · Tomato Juicer, Tomato Sauce Maker, Kitchen Accessories Tomato Strainer Juicer Sauce Maker Stainless Steel Filter Food Strainer for Kitchen Home 3 offers from $3201 $ 32 01 Stainless Steel Food Mill With 3 Milling Discs - Rotary Food Mill for Tomato Sauce, Applesauce, Puree, Mashed Potatoes, Jams, Baby Food Feb 25, 2023 · Gather your canning supplies for canning tomato sauce: pressure canner; canning jars; canning lids and rings; jar lifter and canning funnel; blancher; bowls; large spoons; sharp knife; towels, dish cloths and pot holders; food mill or strainer (optional) Ingredients: 30 pounds tomatoes; Bottled lemon juice; Salt (if desired) Wash and sort tomatoes, removing any bad or bruised spots. The one-step process separates the juice and Sep 9, 2024 · Crushed Tomatoes Canning Recipe. Equipment. 00 Min. Can Filling Machine. Water Bath Canner - A water bath canner is a big pot with a rack inside. Dip the tomatoes in boiling water for about a minute or until the skins split open. It starts with coring the red vegetables and cutting out any discolored spots with a paring knife. Choosing a tomato juicer that is compatible with canning equipment is crucial for seamless processing. 5. It’s a lot of steps and it is fairly time consuming. Jun 23, 2024 · Compatibility With Canning Equipment. Pickup Free Available today. Equipment for Canning Tomatoes. May 8, 2023 · This set of tomato processing machines is used to produce canned tomatoes, including equipment from finished products to canning. After aseptic filling, the concentration of the tomato paste is 28-30%, 30-32%, and 36-38%. If you love fried green tomatoes, you’re in for a treat! Canning green tomatoes slices for frying is a great way to enjoy this Southern classic all year. We are Canada's premier source for canning equipment. Canning tomatoes is actually super easy and straightforward, it doesn’t require any special techniques and honestly, not much time. Essential Equipment for Canning Tomatoes; Filling Your Jars When Canning Tomatoes; Canning Methods: Raw Pack vs. Canning tomatoes without a canner is entirely possible using the water bath method. Gather Canning Supplies for Canning Tomatoes: pressure canner; canning jars; canning lids and rings; jar lifter and canning funnel; large pot of water or blancher Jun 21, 2023 · 14. Canning tomato juice is not difficult to do, but you will need the right equipment in order to get it done efficiently. Helpful Tips for Canning Tomato Juice; Ingredients for Canning Tomato Juice; Equipment Needed for Making Tomato Juice: Homemade Tomato Juice Canning Recipe. Nov 14, 2024 · Starting a tomato canning business requires careful financial planning, as the startup costs can vary significantly based on location, scale, and operational choices. Consiglio's has specialized in tomato and vegetable canning since 1975. Pickup & Delivery. Tomato pulp is obtained directly from chopped tomatoes once they get separated from their skin. (706) 549-1914 E-MAIL NOW QUOTE REQUEST STORE About The tomato paste production line can clean, upgrade, sort, crush and beat, concentrate and sterilize fresh tomatoes. Large container of ice-cold water. Canning tomatoes isn't difficult as long as you have the right tools and the right instructions. Both methods are effective, but they are suited to different types of foods. Next up is the slightly more challenging pressing and canning tomatoes. Here they are! Sep 17, 2024 · Gathering Your Canning Supplies: What You’ll Need. The specific equipment needs will depend on the size and scope of your operation. Category. Then immerse them in cold water to cool. We offer top-quality, high-efficiency commercial canning solutions for every application, including auto beer canning equipment and outdoor canning solutions. Jul 6, 2023 · Add lemon slices for acidity and flavor. Because if you cook them first they’ll get saucy. Avoid common mistakes for a perfect batch of homemade tomato sauce. The jars should be filled just to the base of the neck. Bottled lemon juice or citric acid: to ensure the tomatoes are at the correct pH level for canning. This recipe is a fantastic way to capture the flavors of summer tomatoes and enjoy them year-round! 4 Step-By-Step Canning Pressure Canner Method 1. 1. Chopping blade; A large pot of water; Wooden spoon; Spoon measurements Mar 15, 2024 · Learn how to can tomato sauce with this easy-to-follow guide. Cover with hot water and bring to a simmer; adjust the heat and simmer 10 minutes. View Store Details Jun 5, 2023 · To make it easier for you to figure out what you’ll need, I’ve put together a list of the best food canning supplies, tools, and equipment for you. Feb 12, 2025 · Preparation and Equipment. Our equipment helps with mechanically diced tomatoes for canning, drying, etc. Pour the tomato juice into canning jars. Remove cores and leave whole or cut in Aug 12, 2024 · Ingredients and canning equipment . Equipment for conventional canning has been converting from batch to continuous units. The detailed process is as Mar 21, 2020 · Canning tomatoes is a great way to preserve summer's bounty and enjoy your garden flavors into the winter. Aug 29, 2022 · Water bath canning. This specialized machinery is essential for transforming raw tomatoes into high-quality, shelf-stable canned products. After that, though, mostly everything (except the single-use, throw-away metal lids) is re-usable year after year. When it comes to canning tomato basil soup, having the right equipment is essential. 4. That’s why all of our canning and preserving equipment is made with our customers in mind. Berry Hill Home Canning Supplies. Nov 22, 2024 · Tomato Processing and Canning Equipment. 3 regular-mouth 8-ounce jars, rings, and lids Plate Water-boiling canning pot Rack Jar lifter Saucepan Thermometer Strainer Large pot Canning Basics: Canning yellow tomatoes allows you to preserve their unique flavor and vibrant color, ideal for year-round enjoyment in various dishes like sauces and salsas. Find equipment needed, preparation steps, safety guidelines, and tips for successful canning. Aug 25, 2023 · Sterilize the jars. Jan 3, 2020 · #2 Canning Jar Rack. Optional: Add salt or preferred seasonings (like celery salt, dried herbs, etc). You’ll also have a choice of two sizes of the opening at the top of the jar–regular or wide mouth. Tomato products are processed using either a boiling water canner or a pressure canner. We offer a huge selection of canning equipment, including pressure canners, pressure cookers, and food dehydrators. Large pot of boiling water for removing tomato skins. Essential Ingredients: Key ingredients for canning include fresh yellow tomatoes, lemon juice or citric acid for acidity, and optional seasonings like salt and sugar to honey sauce cosmetic fruit jam tomato paste canning machine semi automatic filling machine price $350. Discover the joys of homemade stewed tomatoes in this comprehensive guide! This article explores the vibrant flavors of fresh tomatoes, herbs, and spices, transforming everyday ingredients into a savory staple. Essential Food Canning Equipment Jul 27, 2023 · If you want to use a hot packing method check out canning tomato sauce. Wash tomatoes. nkes ayax rgjjm jcap rbnfom dkx zuh lvlw fkbh vwhnkk stiy fdcvhbjm uuelcm jchlhxm rhhkn